Economic--Government Regulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic--Government Regulation - Research Paper ExampleRegulation of a countrys affairs by the government is not a contemporary issue as it is considered an event that began several decades ago as most governments engaged in attempts to advance their interest. In other(a) words, regulations have been used to protect key interests of the civilians and those of the government of the day. Government regulations touch on a bet of issues key among them being political, economic and social.As time passes by regulations, tend to develop at many government levels as commissions gain greater powers with respect to operation of regulations. In other words, the government departments and agencies ar becoming heavily involved in design and final execution of instrument of the regulations. It is noteworthy that government agencies comprise by either the administrator or the legislative branches argon highly responsible for actual implementation of various regulations issued by the governm ent department in charge. For instance, in the United States, the Food and Drug tie (FDA) and Environment Protection Agency (EPA) atomic number 18 responsible promoting laws that ensure safe food and drug products are in the market while as well as laws that cut down on contamination effect in the country respectively.Government agencies have become powerful institutions over the recent previous(prenominal) owing to the delegate roles they have been extended to by the government. For instance, the legislative arm of the government may theorise or enact laws and establish guiding principles and the agencies are left to make follow-ups and final implementation. The operations of these agencies are highly influenced by their independence and as such, there are certain agencies that free from the control of the executive and other department of the government. The government departments as well as agencies do not often lop in isolation considering the fact that members from the to ffee-nosed sector are normally included in the board. The private sector

Quantitative Methods in Aerospace Cargo Transportation Management Research Paper

duodecimal Methods in Aerospace Cargo Transportation Management - Research Paper ExampleFollowing pattern base strategy, analyzing the current trends, forecast and other predictive models, it is absolutely necessary to ensure potentially significant changes and improvements atomic number 18 introduced in commitment transportation management. Appropriate decision making cycle is required today to jibe tomorrows market demands . The key drivers that go out dominate the air cargo earthly concern in the years to roll in the hay are its standards, security and seamless movement across borders. This study will highlight the initiatives driven by important governing bodies like IATA, TIACA, Cargo Committee, Cargo Executive Summit to achieve those very goals of optimisation and superior standards of cargo management.Significant gains in productivity can be achieved through advanced and more cost-effective IT- substantiate and improved software systems, as head as automated transpo rtation and handling equipment. The primary nonsubjective of this study is to reflect a few challenges and to present new insights and successful solutions to operational problems of cargo systems and cargo management. It has to be a collective effort with focus on the state of the art, applications of quantitative methods, as well as simulation results backed by authorities like IATA, TIACA and others whose initiative are in the matter to of the industry. Initiatives are mainly keeping the larger picture in mind, to accommodate globalization of logistics, process complexity, contain for fore cast, cost control, operational performance, Air freight company objectives, industry landscape, enhanced technology to support optimization.2. Overview - Air CargoFacts from IATA Air Cargo is a US$50 billion business that transports 35% of the value of goods traded internationally and a critical part of the airline business which, as a whole, is the US$490 billion heart of a value chain tha t supports 32 million jobs and US$3.5 trillion of stinting activity. It is an important industry that is critical to global business.While IATA continues in its endeavour to improve Aviation industrys conflict by cutting airport charges, improving fuel efficiency and other initiatives, there is focussed advance as far as Cargo priorities are concerned. Their attempt to simplify the business is already delivering results. E-freight is a reality and their US$28 billion settlement system is the supply chains financial backbone which will be discussed save in the below sections. Apart from E-freight, their priorities include Cargo Safety, Cargo Security, Cargo and Environment, CASS and mission programmes along with Cargo Standards.It is imperative, IATAs priorities in Cargo Management ideally is the basic outline based on which quantitative methods for Aerospace Cargo Transportation Management have to be developed and implemented. Before there is further detailing on quantitative me thods, a quick glance at the key drivers of Cargo world and its potential impact on business are listed belowReduce operating costs maintain optimum levels of

Questions police administartion and crime Coursework

Questions guard administartion and execration - Coursework ExampleTo rate the squad supervisors one should use the relative methods because this method draw comparisons between and among employees. The employees atomic spell 18 ranked from the best(p) to the worst on the accuracy of their judgments. This method makes it easier for the supervisors in making relative judgments (Miller, Blackler and Alexandra, 2005). The best squad is the squad that follows the due process of law and the constitutional guidelines. It is the squad that is pushing very unvoiced is being too hard-nosed. The best squad should provide graphic symbol police protection at a reason equal cost. It should meet the set objectives. Therefore, the best squad is one that has good terms of service, ensures that order is keep and has good relations with the citizens. Today more focus has been drawn on the inputs and process of the police and little focus is put on the outcomes, results or the outputs (Miller e t al, 2005). Having worked in an organization beset by the quantity versus quality dilemma I felt that the company was more concerned with the quantity of surgical procedure. The quantities were used as transaction measurements making it difficult to determine the quality of the products. The productivity measures that were used to measure the quality of performance includes the number of increased sales more units produced and attracting employee job satisfaction (Cordner and Scarboroug, 2007). Kenney and McNamara (1999) argue that the best measure of police performance is the use of multiple measures such as subjective and objective measures. Subjective measures will help in measuring what is important to measure. This involves identifying various components of police performance as reflected from the diverse view points on the police functions. The target measurement will assist in valuing the accuracy of the operation accordingly making it easier to nurse evidence when asked to do so. Some issues of performance lend themselves to objective measures while others are best metrical using the subjective measures. Measuring a good policeman involves analyzing their professionalism. This means that the officer should be able to bring himself out of dangerous situations without using force. The officer should establish good relations with the citizens being policed and precede themselves in a manner that shows their authority and control (Cordner and Scarboroug, 2007). They should also be responsible for their actions, dependable and meticulous, fetching the right actions as the situations demand. They should be individuals who respect the rights of others and are aware of the laws, procedures and regulations governing them. Individual should also boldness at the number of commendation and awards or medal received or number of complaints raised against the officer (Matthew, 2008). Question 2 Im in favor of aggressive patrol because it focuses on detail h igh crime areas and uses crime statistics and beat staffing. It also makes patrol rational and more informed whence leading to better results. The police involved in aggressive patrols is adequately trained and provided with appropriate resources and hence this increases the chances of detection of crimes and prevention. Aggressive patrols have also led to reduced traffic violations hence reduced deaths as a result of accidents. They have made it possible to fish out criminals, drug

Hillary Clinton will be elected president in 2008 Essay

Hillary Clinton will be elected president in 2008 - Essay ExampleThe Iraq contend has become unpopular with many the Statesns. Although the authoritative cause for the war in Iraq was to free Iraqis from the rule of Saddam Hussein, fight terrorism, and eliminate the weapons of mass remainder that were supposedly being stockpiled by Hussein, inspectors were not able to confirm the existence of those weapons and a large get of Iraqis see the US Army as an occupation force, not as an army of liberation. The information that connect Hussein to Al-Queda has been proven to be false. Many believe that the war was really over control of Iraqs oil colour resources. The war originally seemed to be successful, as the US Military defeated Iraqs official army readily and occupied Baghdad however, there is currently a continuous civil war in Iraq that seems to be unwinnable by America. The only reliable method of winning guerilla wars is genocide, which no one in America supports. The US Ar my is becoming overextended. There have also been accusations and proved cases of torture in American prison camps, and the price of oil has been constantly rising in the past few years. Hillary Clinton has stated clearly that if she becomes the president, she will end it- If President Bush does not end the war, when Hillary Clinton is president, she will. ... And today she described how she would bring the war to an end (Clinton, 2007). Clintons three-part plan for ending the war includes setting up a gradual redeployment plan, attempting to divisor peace between the parties involved in the Iraqi Civil War, and attempting to set up alliances with other nations in the region to help stabilize Iraq. A major problem that is facing the world in the ordinal century is orbicular heating. Hillary Clinton offers a good plan to slow the progress of global thaw. The rate of global warming could accelerate rapidly as positive feedback loops occur. Many citizens are reviveed about the c ause of global warming, as the process could be extremely destructive to America and the world. The level on concern has been increasing over time-Most Americans blame emissions from cars and industrial plants as the primary cause of global warming and believe the united States should reduce levels even if other countries dont, a survey shows. Fifty-six percent of poll parrot respondents said the phenomenon of global warming has been proven, and can be largely blamed on human endeavors, such(prenominal) as power plants and factories, according to the CNN/Opinion Research Corp. poll. In comparison, 21 percent of those surveyed claimed global warming problems are caused either by natural changes or are unproven. Sixty-six percent of Americans believe the United States should do what it can to reduce global warming, even if other nations ignore it. This compares with 52 percent of respondents who believed that mood in 2001 ( Poll shows Americans getting more concerned about global w arming, 2007). Dependance on alien oil imports is also a situation that scares many Americans. Centered on a cap

Care Quality and Implementation of the Chronic Care Model Essay

C are Quality and Implementation of the Chronic Care Model - Essay guinea pigBecause of the finding that acute-care model was ineffective, numerous legislators and health care practitioners suggested other or additional models to deal with its weaknesses, manage broaden managed care and setting up case- and disease-management initiatives, yet they by no means basically resolved the identification number of health care provision. Wagner and associates recommended a different method of enhancing chronic ailment care that included delivery of healthcare, founded on the paradigm they referred to as Chronic Care Model (CCM). CCM was a wide-ranging reform to the quality of healthcare delivery to people with chronic illnesses. This reputation chooses the topic of CCM because of its great relevance to contemporary nursing practice. It to begin with puts emphasis on quite a few features of healthcare management. The provision of healthcare would shift from a traditional patient-physi cian relationship, where the latter entirely determines what needs to be done, to a more concerted effort betwixt an equipped, enthusiastic healthcare group and an involved patient. The healthcare group operates within a planned environment, where care- and disease-management is evidence-based, processes are primed to monitor and assess progress, and information is communicated to doctors and patients. In this process clients/patients are actively involved, motivated to one by one manage their illness and the healthcare organisation collaborates with its immediate community. The key terms used in this paper are Chronic Care Model (CCM) and the Assessment of Chronic unsoundness Care (ACIC). CCM states that a significant percentage of chronic care does not occur within an organised health delivery contexts. CCM has been utilise productively in some healthcare settings (Bernstein 2008). Nevertheless, according to Larsen and Lubkin (2008), there are hardly any healthcare settings t hat are completely equipped to implement CCM. This is the primary issue that the study of Solberg and colleagues (2006) tries to resolve. The Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC), the primary instrument used by Solberg and colleagues, was formulated to support organisational groups in determining weaknesses in their chronic illness care approach, and to assess the nature and extent of developments within their structure. The six important components of ACIC are (1) delivery system, (2) clinical information system, (3) decision support, (4) self-management support, (5) health care organisation, and (6) community linkages (Solberg et al. 2006). Even though the ACIC was designed as a handy instrument to aid healthcare organisations in upgrading the quality of chronic illness care, it has been applied to empirical studies as well. Method of Selecting the Article The article chosen by the origin for the epitome is Solberg and colleagues (2006) Care Quality and Implementation of th e Chronic Care Model a three-figure Study. In finding the most appropriate article for this analysis the author used the following keywords decimal methodology, nursing re pursuit, and chronic illness care. The author used the databases JSTOR, Questia, ProQuest, Sage Journal, and EBSCOhost. In order to narrow the search the author tried looking for the concepts chronic care model, quality of care, enhanced care continuity, clinical outcomes, and for issues like curtailed healthcare costs and the growing financial trouble of healthcare. Numerous earlier solutions have been suggested to mitigate the healthcare challenge but they have not endured rigid assessment (Richardson 2008). The study of Solberg and colleagues (2006) shows us that we should be fitted of presenting substantiation of the efficacy and value of these interventions instead of simply putting them into practice on the basis of assumptions. The author chose the abovementioned article due to the obvious nature of the

Southwest Airlines Fuel Hedge Program. Why Southwest Hedged Fuel Research Paper

Southwest Airlines supply Hedge Program. Why Southwest Hedged Fuel - Research Paper ExampleUS Airline Industry Background An overview of the US airline domain reveals an industry setting with numerous considerations where heightened competition and displace cost are key determinants of performance. Global give the sack prices are highly volatile, a trend which has been observed over the last two decades (Carter, Rogers and Simskin 1). Fuel cost greatly impact an airlines operations since they constitute about 17% of total costs, indorse to labor costs only. Moreover, ticket prices usually reflect fuel prices, hence, determining profit margins, financial outlooks and forecasts. The competitiveness in the US airline industry translates into a situation where the rising fuel costs understructurenot be passed to the service consumer. Southwest Airlines, as a major player in the US industry, among other things, specializing in short-haul, provides high-frequency and busted fare po int-to-point services which in the long run can be largely squeeze by much(prenominal) volatilities in the fuel prices (Morrell and Swan 713-714). The inability to pass on fuel costs to consumers forces airlines to consider other strategies for surviving fuel prices fluctuation. Hedging is one of such strategies considered by airlines, such as Southwest, as a solution to the fuel price capriciousness problem. Hedging Fuel Price guess Management Drastic changes in fuel prices are some of the major risks that may cripple airlines. For instance, semipolitical volatility in the Middle East- a major source of crude oil- disrupts global oil prices in two ways. First, war increases the local demand for fuel, hence, lesser exports. Secondly, normal extraction of oil may be disrupted during military operations. Carter et al. (4-5) provide an example of such a situation using the Gulf War, where the mediocre spread rose by 8.1 times, from 3.5 cents to 28.5 cents per gallon. Trempski (1) offers another point of view concerning the jet fuel price volatility stating that a barrel of crude oil price rise from $10.82 in 1996 to $69.91 in 2005, had a contradict impact on the heavily oil-dependent industry. Control of global fuel prices is not within the power of airlines such as Southwest hence, there is a need for alternative strategies. Airlines use several instruments to hedge their fuel including over-the-counter (OTC) swaps, future ratifys that are step in traded, exchange traded or OTC call options and OTC or exchange traded collars (Carter et al. 4). Hedging in the airline industry, however, follows a unique format, where risk management is done on fuels other than jet fuels. The first reason for this is based on the refining process products from the same distillate step share similar characteristics and highly correlated prices and future commercial outlooks. Hence, heat up oil can be used to hedge jet fuel prices owing to the fact that their price changes and future contract price changes are highly correlated. Jet fuel is refined from crude oil, thus, crude oil is in addition heavily applied in hedging jet fuel. The second reason is based on the nature of the jet fuel market which is not sufficiently liquid to warrant future contracts. Derivative contracts on jet fuel have to be based on OTC trading. On the other hand, exchange traded contracts for crude oil and heating oil are active and liquid enough, accompanied by low credit risks. Therefore, airlines interested in hedging traditionally use crude oil or heating oil

Ethical Dilemmas Managers Face Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethical Dilemmas Managers Face - Research Paper spokespersonThereby it helps to take the decisions by maintaining the honorable point of view. Employees of an organization may have varied responses towards the most(prenominal) honorablely appropriate or inappropriate action for a particular situation. In such cases film directors of the organizations practically face with problems to identify what is salutary and what is wrong. And to add to that they also sometime gets ragged between qualms and their duties towards the organizations. Even sometimes when the managers feel that something is unethical they want to take a stand on that but prevent themselves by the fear of losing their job (Lane & Daft, 2009, p.130). Ethical standards are always not codified therefore divergences and dilemmas often occurs approximately the fructify manner. Principally Ethical dilemmas occur in a situation which is concerned about the neutralize and incorrect, when moral values and principles ar e in conflict. The reason for existence of these dilemmas occurs because every time acknowledgement of chasten and wrong cannot be done evidently. The report will highlight on the areas such as the ethical dilemmas faced by manages of organizations. The report is also principally focused to highlight the approaches by which ethical behavior can be evaluated. In order to this the report will also explain the concepts of utilitarian, individualism, moral-rights, and justice approaches. And at the end of it all the report will try to put a conclusion on how these ethical dilemmas can be overpowered. The approach for dealing with conflict situation and overcome the same will be studied in this report. It will also highlight the advantages of ethical behavior for the organization. Ethical dilemmas faced by managers In the everyday operations, almost all managers of different field are faced with some principled and ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas can arise due to many reasons. Effort s made by the management to happen upon the organizational objectives may clash with employees endeavor of fulfilling their personal goals. There can be a conflict of interest where an action promoting or benefitting one group has all the likelihood to harm other group. As such, there can be a violation of honesty and integrity which may fly the coop to conflict and one example for this could be the misuse of internet in office. There might be a clash between loyalty and truth. This happens when reality about the company does not seem affirmatory and individuals have to ask between honesty and loyalty. (Boone, & Kurtz, 2011, p. 41-42). Ethical dilemmas are a situation that occurs when the state of affairs demands an individual or a group to choose between several options that might be right or wrong. It is a situation in which two or more options get equally smashed support. For example a manger might be faced with a situation when they have to choose between reductions in sal aries of local staff versus outsourcing of functions. Another typical example could be the case of the hiring manager who is face with a situation when asked to choose between a qualified female candidate and a disabled person who is equally qualified. In such situations chances of making decision that are absolutely correct is very low. Also managers have to make decisions starting from hiring of the employee till the termination and they are faced with unique ethical dilemmas at all stages (Morally right, n.d.). Managers are entrusted with the duty of

The Eden project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The heaven tramp - Assignment idealThe prime objective of Eden project is to upgrade the awareness of greenery within the economy of UK thereby reducing the impacts of pollution and harmful gases. However, the initiative of Eden project became successful mainly due to the miasmic intelligence and confident nature of Tim Smit. This acted as a boon for the project thereby dramatizeing its popularity and prosperity in the entire globe. Apart from this, the bureaucratic building of the project of Eden is also another effective perplex for its success. It helped in proper allocation and standardization of the tasks such as (allocation of funds, commercial loans sanctions etc) so as to amplify the intensity of success thereby reducing the defects or negative impacts. This helped in improvement of the level of warmth and devotion of the supporting police squad members such as Danny Almagor, Deon Kamien, Malki Rose, Tracie Olcha, Amanda Miller and Romy Grace. Along with this, such type of organizational structure also helps in enhancing the interpersonal relationship among the members thereby reducing the range of arguments and conflicts. This is mainly due to the presence of extremely clear and defined roles and responsibilities to the members of the Eden project (Vidal, 2004). Along with this, in a bureaucratic structure, the members of the organization or project include very less authority to present any associate of suggestions or ideas regarding its betterment. As the entire control and power is within the hands of the hierarchy i.e. the board members as well as Tim Smit. This is mainly because in such type of organizational structure, the manager or organizer (Tim Smit) is the most powerful person as compared to others. And he is responsible to delegate all sorts of activities and policies within the team up members or architects. And so the engineers or architects are bound to follow his ideas and thoughts for the betterment of Eden project. In E den project, all the members had to obey the orders and responsibilities delegated by Tim Smit, as he is the supreme authority to assign the varied types of responsibilities among the members of the team as compared to other Pre-bureaucratic or post bureaucratic organization structures. Moreover, in this type of organizational structure, the vanguard or founder (Tim Smit) presents varied types of ideas and suggestions such as (utilization of commercial loans for the betterment of the operations) so as to enhance its level of supremacy and reputation in the market among others. Along with this, high level of contribution and payload of Tim Smit towards implementation of the idea of Eden project to enhance the level of awareness towards green and sustainable major planet proved extremely effective for the economy of UK. Hence, it might be clearly depicted from the above mentioned split that the success of Eden project is mainly dependent over its hierarchical structure and uniform culture. early(a) than structure, the culture of the organization of Eden project is extremely uniform and homogeneous. It is mainly due to the hierarchical structure in which, a single individual is the delegating authority, i.e. Tim Smit. Each and every decision and suggestion is presented out front him by all other members, so as to get his accent. Moreover, by doing so, all the members associated with the Eden project might become aware about the information and may also present their

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google Term Paper

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google - Term Paper physical exertionGoogle with it revenues reported at $3.21 billion for the quarter ending at December 31, 2006, an increase of 67% compared to the quaternate quarter of 2005, this company is fast growing with its philosophy of delivering more than what is expected. Google on its expansion spree in the international front has led them to gain access to new partners and growing, thereby delivering targeted and measurable ads. Positioning helps a company create a perception in the minds of the target audience in the market amidst its competitors. Google s positioning comes across evidently in the philosophy of focusing on their end drillr by using simple interfaces protecting the privacy of the individual and having advertising restricted only ones relevant to the search. The capability to customize Google in over 100 languages shows their continuous improvement in the quality of service fashioning Google more ac cessible for a variety of people. 1. Target Audience Google is a high-quality service which can be availed by anybody who is seeking information that can be accessed from anywhere. They instanter have broadened their target segment by introducing customized homepages in several languages. 2. Defining the service The Company believes in providing its audience with an experience redefining the way individuals, businesses and technologists use the Internet. The service examines a whole host of web pages to return relevant information of ones search. ...From Images to phone amount to airline flight info to categories in the Open Directory to a spell checker to translating web pages, Google makes a perfect search engine sometimes even categorizing adult content.3. Target Audience perception The millions of users now perceive life to be a Google query.4. Competitive positioning Custom libraries created by Google help them cut reduce their cost by about 50% thus making them more product ive than their closest competitors uniform Amazon, eBay, Microsoft, and Yahoo. As a result of its superior technology systems, competitors need to spend 4 times as much to catch up.

U.S. Sugar Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

U.S. Sugar Policy - Research Paper ExampleThis is due to subsidies, quotas, tariffs, and regulations. with these measures, the U.S has been able to satisfy the demand of bread for its domestic market, but the cost of this luxury is significant. The price of sugar has been always higher for American consumers, and due to the subsidies provided to American farmers, most if its sugar is yielded by inefficient methods of producing sugar. human beings have cultivated and consumed sugar cane for more than a millennium, which means it has developed a polar role in the economies of countries all over the world. Especially with increases in globalization, the role of sugar as an entailment and an export is growing. As such, sugarcane economics is necessary for a detailed analytic thinking of the world economic system that is becoming indispensable to sophisticated understandings of globalization. This paper will accomplish two goals first, to define the players in the global sugarcane trade and their relationship to one another in the 21st vitamin C economic environment, and second, to converse the alignment of United States sugar policy with its ideological and normative commitments to capitalism and free trade. In revise to accomplish these two goals, one must conduct first a descriptive, or positive, economic outline of what is actually occurring in the world at the current time, in addition to a normative, or values-based, analysis of that descriptive data. In doing so, one can make confident predictions and firm recommendations for policy changes with respect to the study contributors in the sugarcane trade.A discussion of a worldwide market in the 21st century necessarily must approach the topic of globalization, which refers to the tendency of ideologies, businesses, and technologies to spread throughout the world. This produces what is termed as globality, or the exclusively interconnected marketplace that transcends the

Forensic Psychology and Serial Murders Term Paper

Forensic Psychology and Serial Murders - Term Paper typeWhether it is fiction or truth, the resultant stamp outer has always install a place in sophisticated society. Eventually accompanying killers are caught and it is often forensic evidence that puts them in prison. Once they are captured, they let out the police who capture them important information to use into how to demote others who commit these crimes. The purpose of this research is to pick up the forensic psychological science that may go into gaining a conviction of some of the well-nigh famous serial killers. The challenge is that this information is not always available and the researcher moldiness examine what they can pass off and see how forensic psychology fits into it. In the cases of most of the famous serial killers, they did something that put the police on their trail. As an example, John Wayne Gacy and Jeffrey Dahmer had police come to their homes after someone escaped from their grasp. When the pol ice entered their living quarters, they found evidence out in the open (though Gacys was buried in his crawl space) that eventually led to their conviction. In this paper, I will examine some of the most famous serial killers John Wayne Gacy, Ted Bundy, Stephanie Wernick, Jeffrey Dahmer and David Berkowitz. Each of these killers hunt other humans and they were subsequently hunted by the police, the FBI and forensic teams. Each was eventually found finished something that they did, but forensic psychology had a hand in establishing their guilt and finally putting them in prison where they belonged. 1. Defining Forensic Psychology Although many people may think that forensic psychology is only about profiling criminals, there is more to it than profiling. In reality, forensic psychology blends several areas. It combines the civic and criminal sides of the justice system with the clinical and experimental aspect of psychology (Roesch, Zapf and stag 3). Because of this blending, it has been difficult for fulls to find an exact comment of this science. Instead, different organizations have created their own definitions. According to the American Board for Forensic Psychology, the definition for this science is the application of the science and profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system (as qtd. in Roesch, Zapf and Hart 4). This is a very vague definition and there are none that are more specific. In this paper, this definition will be used. 1.1 The Beginnings of Defining Serial Killers The term serial killer is not as old as people may think. It was actually coined during the David Berkowitz (Son of Sam) hunt by an FBI Agent, Robert K. Ressler, who was an expert on serial murders (Simon 252). According to the FBI there are only about 200-500 people who are committing serial murders and they kill approximately 3500 people a year (Simon 19). The most heinous seem to be the ones that most people hear about in the news. Th ere are many categories of serial killers. Some kill for sexual pleasure, some are mentally ill, and others are considered psychopaths. To convict serial killers, forensic evidence must be used to attach information that the police have found to the individual charged with the crime. 2. The commons Characteristics of Serial Killers All serial killers have similarities especially when they are categorized into the type of serial sidesplitting they do. According to Forensic Psychiatrist Robert Simon, serial

Opening a new restaurant in New york Research Proposal

Opening a new restaurant in New york - Research Proposal ExampleIt also table services in the management where it targets the set aims and objectives on how to score them (Gumpert, 2004). Questions that are considered before coming up with a origin plan include what level of revenues and internet are available at that juncture? How many employees are needed to commence a telephoner? How many locations are to be established to start with? A definite plan should also be able to reflect on the possible outcome of a shorter period like one yr or below. This explains what tasks and aims should be included in the business plan to meet within one social classs time and should be successfu (Finch, 2010). Therefore, the plan will outline the type of loans that will be tending(p) to the organization, products and service involved, number of employees and their roles, staff policies, purchasing policies. The business plan is to cover the sales, objectives, strategies, marketing and fina ncial overseas under which it helps to clarify our business ideas. It spot potential problems, set new goal and measure turn over as to how the plan is structured. Therefore, this project is expected to work for eight traders who combined with their sole business and truism it necessary to come together and form a business plan. The program may help their partnership to help boost their profits (Gum pert, 2004).The major success key being utilized by the business is location. As observed earlier, the come with will be located in New York, which is very populated. The company will also combine other key elements such as quality and service specialism with the aim of attracting more customers within the shortest period.For the business to be effective, a number of staff estimated to work and help the manager include the supply manager, purchase manager, accountant, marketing officers. In addition, advertising director, recruitment officer and subsidiary company staff should be included. Therefore, a single premise is evaluated to have at least

Role of Allied Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of Allied pro - Essay ExampleHowever, the pharmacist whitethorn refuse to honor such ethical drug, if in his or her throw judgment as a nonrecreational pharmacist find that, honoring such prescription whitethorn result to total violation of the law. Secondly, the pharmacist may refuse to honor Doctors prescription if the drugs prescribed may jeopardize the life of a patient by creating an addiction. In addition, the pharmacist may refuse to honor such prescription if it violates the interest of a patient. Further, the pharmacist has a professional art of exercising professional duty in ensuring the best interest of patients health. Pharmacist likewise a responsibility of providing counseling guidance to patients on the risk associated with the drug if it is not properly use (Buerki & Vottero, 2002).Based on this case it can be observed that the pharmacist observed some of those responsibilities as required by the law. For example, when the Plaintiff/ patient (Patrick McLa ughlin) delivered the prescription from Doctor Edwards, the pharmacist (Kathy ODell and Craig Merrick) honored the prescription as ordered by the Doctor. However, he failed to exercise his responsibility by supplying more drugs to McLaughlin despite the concomitant that the records indicated that McLaughlin had consumed more propoxyphene drugs than required. Further, he failed to caution the patient of the health risk that could result if he consumes an o.d. (Legal Inc, 2013).I agree with the court findings in favor of Hooks because, Hooks was not a locate causation of the injuries sustained by Patrick McLaughlin. In addition, Hooks was not attributed to McLaughlin attempts to commit suicide. Secondly, the pharmacists were within their line of professional duty by observing the prescription recommended by the Doctor. In addition, the case was decided based on the principle of Stare decisis. Whereby, the same precedent used in the previous cases was followed. For example, the ruli ng for this case do based

The Neopteran Questions for an Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Neopteran Questions for an Exam - Essay ExampleFor instance, the naiad mayflies may live up to iodine or two years in freshwater aquifers, but adults stages last for a few old age at most. Though juvenile mayflies feed on algae and smaller insects, the adults cannot eat due to reduced, non-functional mouthparts. virile fore legs argon modified for grasping the distaff during mating. Near adulthood, naiads rise to the surface of water and drop to develop external move so that they can move to shore. Mayflies are the only insects which molt later on developing functional wings during the pre-adult stage called sub-imago. Adult mayflies rise on same days forming hulking flying s substantials so that females can lay eggs on water surface before dying. at bottom the mayflies, divers(prenominal) species occupy very different niches. The naiads of Blue Quill mayflies possess large mandibles for grazing detritus and periphyton. Like ephemeroptera, the Odonates also have aquatic naiads but possess a highly modified labium for transmittable prey. They adults too have chewing mouth parts and hinged jaws are used as tools to capture and recreate prey to mouth. They also have very specialized copulatory behavior in which male grabs female from behind her head with claspers at tip of abdomen, the female receives sperm from his second abdominal segment, and releases fertilized eggs into the water. Males reason the best grazing area have a better chance to attract more females and consequently produce more offspring. The neopteran (new wings) insects have the ability to fold their wings spine against their abdomen at rest. Neoptera are subdivided into exopterygota and endoterygota depending on the development of wings through the juvenile stages, and into further groups depending on the modification of their mouthparts. In exopterygota, the metamorphosis is simple or incomplete, and wings gradually develop externally without going through a true pupal stage via molting. The juveniles also usually have similar feeding habits as the adults. The endopterygota bear complete metamorphosis and development of major structural differences between immature and adult stages occurs. The developing wings are not visible in the initial stages (larvae). An inactive stage called pupa is formed after some(prenominal) molts which does not feed and move. During this pupal stage big changes take place internally. After the pupal stage, a highly active winged adult appears. The larvae and the adults often adapt to different habitat and use different types of food resources. The evolutionary stages of endopterygota allow the juvenile and adult stages of insects to specialize in different resources, contributing to the lengthened and successful radiation of the group. For instance, a bark beetle undergoes egg, the three larval instars, and the pupal stages before arise as an adult beetle. Question Two The sea otter is the smallest marine mammal having no insulating layer of blubber. The warm skin of sea otter is protected against the cold water by a thick layer of post trapped within very dense and longer fur hairs. The hairs are even denser at back of the body which is mostly in contact with the water. Though air provides far better insulation than blubber, sea otters cannot dive deeper and thus are restricted to shallower, coastal habitats. As Allen rule suggests, the legs, ears, and snout of sea otter are shorter for conserving heat in the colder climate. They form a streamlined

Sioux Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sioux Artist - Essay ExampleThe Sioux art portrayed their culture, beliefs, visions and dreams, making their art highly important among themselves.One of the roughly interesting Sioux artworks showcased by the Denver Art museum is the Sioux headdress. This particular piece, creatively designed, has many dusky feathers that give it an interesting appeal. Ideally, the multi-feathered headdress was supposed to tower high above its wearer. It has a top, supported with a long pole and feathers on one side. The designers of the headdress were keen enough not to mix as nearly as many colours, with white feathers attached on a yellow skin, attached to the white pole. This shows the carefulness with which the designers carried disclose their work. Additionally, it shows how important art was to these people. Evidence of creativity and imagination in this piece is at the top. The headdress has well rounded top with a beautifully coloured lining. Two pieces of skin attached to the top dan gles from the top, which would bounce whenever the wearer shook his head. A hairy yellow coloured skin supports the feathers on top, making this one of the most creatively designed Sioux artworks I have seen so

Motivational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Motivational carriage - Essay ExampleA weak positive correlation was found to be significant (P=0.05, find rho value=0.44, critical rho value=0.36, null hypothesis denied). The outcome of the study showed that people seek a partner that has a comparable level of physical attractiveness as themselves.Interpersonal attraction is a fundamental component of human relationships. Psychologists and researchers have proposed many different theories in order to explain the federal agency of physical attractiveness in intimate relationships. One view is the genetic similarity theory proposed by Rushton, Russell and Wells (1984). They posited that a person is more attracted to strangers that resemble themselves than those who are dissimilar in appearance. This would lead to issuing with non only the individuals genes but also genes like themselves (Rushton, Russell & Wells, 1984). Their research suggested that individuals are more attracted to genetically similar people.The matching hypo thesis also proposed that people dont seek the close attractive mate, but instead are attracted to individuals that match themselves in terms of physical attractiveness. This compromise is necessary due to a fear of rejection from a more desirable partner and in order to achieve a balance between partners.Walster et al. (1966) tried and true this hypothesis with the computer trip the light fantastic toe experiment. They proposed that when making dating and mating choices, people will strike someone of their own level of social desirability. Individuals will be influenced by both the desirability of the potential drop partner and the belief of the likelihood of obtaining a date with the partner (Walster et al., 1966). In the experiment, 752 students were randomly allocated partners to a dance. The participants were wedded an attractiveness rating based on a panel of judges. They were informed that a computer had laid their ideal partner. The experimenters found that whether a person liked their partner was closely related to physical attractiveness. This was the most important factor in liking, above qualities such as intelligence and personality (Walster et al., 1966). Though these findings did not support the matching hypothesis, Walster et al. (1969) conducted a follow up study to further test this hypothesis. The researchers repeated the dance and this time, the students were able to choose their partners. The matching hypothesis was confirmed as the students chose partners roughly the same attractiveness as themselves. The researchers explained that the participants attempted to avoid rejection and increase the possibility of finding a partner with a long-term inscription (Walster et al., 1969). Silverman (1971) conducted another experiment to test the Matching Hypothesis. He carried out an observational study on real-life couples in public settings. Observers independently rated the couples on a 5-point scale and discovered a high correlation betw een attractiveness ratings of both members of each couple (Silverman, 1971). In addition to this, the researcher found that there was a high correlation between similar levels of attractiveness and the happier the couples rating in degrees of physical intimacy (Silverman, 1971). some other experiment by Murstein (1972) tested stimulus-value-role theory of marital choice. The researcher

Development & Implications of a Green Road Infrastructure Dissertation

Development & Implications of a Green Road Infrastructure - Dissertation ExampleEvidently, the proficiency presents requisite incentives that enhance trade and social integration that is essential for growth. It holds relevance especially in the rate of flow century where most nations argon facing severe economic complications that hamper funding of highway construction. It presents the occupation of re-usable and permeable materials that be less costly compared to ancient materials. The concept requires innovative and creative mindset to discipline its holistic integration with an aim of achieving its intended objectives. The third estate concept applies permeable materials, the road under layers and strip purifiers that are critical. Technical elements that are vital in green highway development to ensure its abidance to set specifications are also analyzed. The elements entail development of porous pavements that facilitate the efficient flow of pissing to eliminate degrad ation of road networks. Application of environmentally friendly concrete, vegetation buffer and advancement of blow restoration systems also forms its credible elements. The elements are imperative in ensuring construction of sound infrastructural systems. Clearly, engineers should consider these elements including aspect of a superior plan of activities and projects design to ensure sustainability. Consequently, various cutting studies of green road infrastructure in India, Canada, and Japan are contained in the study. The countries operate under superior road network system the embraces green technology. The technology has ensured improved performance economically and development of roads that are sustainable and easy to maintain. The paper adopted purposive research methodology where the use of electronic sources, case studies and questionnaires was adopted to facilitate in-depth study based on the topic to aid realization of its intended objective. The proficiency enabled app lication of relevant data gathering techniques that are relevant to achieving a purposive aspect of the study. origination Green energy is a concept that is gaining prominence in the world as it holds grassroots incentives to transmute economic and environmental settings in diverse nations. Clearly, the idea facilitates the adoption of cost-effective energy systems and infrastructural development that are sustainable. Its sustainability nature has enabled most leaders to formulate potential strategies to adopt its use holistically. There are some(prenominal) challenges that are influencing the construction of infrastructural systems especially roads in various countries that require an amicable solution. This has led to stringy deliberations among stakeholders with an aim of ascertaining the root causes of infrastructure degradation and formulation of relevant solutions to avert possible dilapidation of the basic element. It is crucial for nations to construct infrastructural s etups that are fiscally viable and friendly.

Intellectual property protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intellectual property protection - Essay ExampleThe celestial orbit of the work will cover the conventions in design management and intellectual property rules and processes. In do-gooder to this, relevant elements of international intellectual property law as regulated by the key stakeholders give care the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) will be integrated into the study to form the parameters of the tidingsPatents are rights to new or intentionful ideas (Motro, 2012). Thus, if a designer creates a new idea and a new concept, that individual quarter seek to register it as a patent. A patent is use for inventions and there is the individual who registers a patent has the general authority or license to confer rights for echo of the design or concept (Cannady, 2010).The fundamental requirement for a patent registration is that the idea universe patented by a designer is new and useful (Dworkin and Taylor, 2011). Thus, in the world of design, as capacious as a design is useful and new, a designer can register it. The idea moldiness be one that does not exist and it can be attained if a design can be applied in a scientific way or manner.The advantage of patents over opposite forms of registration of intellectual property is that it excludes others (Waller, 2011). This protects the legal rights and limits replications through licensing opportunity which brings the inventor royalties (Yu, 2007). This can be intimately extended to different nations around the world (Yu, 2007).The disadvantage of patents on the other hand is that it lasts for only 20 y ears (Waller, 2011). It is expensive to register a patent and the requirements are extremely complicated. There is also a long time requirement for people registering patents.Another approach to the registration of a design is to use trademarks. Trademarks are however different from patents and might not be applicable to some forms of designs (Bowen, 1994). The essential office of trademarks is that it gives a commercial

Strategic Analysis for Deep Sea World (North Queensferry, Edinburgh) Essay - 1

Strategic Analysis for heavy sea World (North Queensferry, Edinburgh) - Essay ExampleAlongside, the analysis also revealed that the company has to re-engineer its visitor experience that is over decade old in order to increase the number of visitors and market share in the UK unfilled industry.The PEST analysis on the external factors influencing the business revealed that the company has to review its pricing policies and control be in order to gain competitive advantage in the business. Furthermore, the analysis also revealed that the company meets more or less of the external factors like health and safety, etc making it evident that the company has a strong position in the target market and has strong future prospects for growth.Attractions for leisure and recreation in the UK are increase in geometric progression as argued by Isla Gower (2004). The increase in the driving habits of the people in UK with the increasing demand for new attractions has increased the need for a n innovative and customer center oned approach to this business surgical incision of the leisure industry. In this report a critical Strategic analysis on the Deep Sea World attraction of Edinburgh is presented to the reader.1.1.1 Objective 1 The report comprises of the SWOT analysis of the organization identifying the areas where the company should focus for increasing its potential in the business. The SWOT analysis also facilitates the ability to identify the companys current position in the market, which is essential to accomplish strategic decisions for the organization.1.1.2 Objective 2 Alongside in order to identify the external factors influencing the business are analysed using the PEST analysis where the Political, Economic, Social and technical factors external to the business is presented to the reader.The aforementioned mission statement identified from the organizations core strategies makes it hap that the company strives to

Research and Analyse an organisation in Business Finance and Law Essay

Research and crumble an organisation in Business Finance and Law - Essay ExampleIn this context, Barclays Bank operates in 60 countries worldwide with the primary focus on Europe. The institution is among the largest lenders in the world based on the market capitalisation measurements. The core operations of the argot are the investment funds and retail banking in discordant parts of the world. However, different forces acting on liberalised economies in most of the European Union nations due to the entranceway of Euro and globalisation (Barclays.com, 2015) are influencing investment banking.The Barclays Bank provides services to multinational corporations operating different market models worldwide. The bank plays a great role in the banking sector by financing several(a) government projects in different regions worldwide. Moreover, the bank provides services to individuals and corporations in the emerging economies in Africa, Asia and Europe. The operations of the company comp rise of twain major business that include the commercial and global retail banking (GRCB) as well as the investment banking and management business (IBIM). The strategy of the organisation aims at enhancing growth by diversification of their profit base. In addition, the organisations approach focuses on benefiting the customers through time and market-based growth. The management strategy of the Bank is its primary driver in the world banking industry (Rao, Rao and Sivaramakrishna, 2008).The strategy of the Barclays Bank is to provide a complete portfolio of services in various countries in the world. In addition, the strategy entails different concepts of providing a wide range of opportunities in order to promote growth by enhancing its market share and diversifying its products. Furthermore, the banks strategies encompass three primary concepts that include invest, learn and grow. The mastery of the bank is also facilitated by the ambition of the group to be one of the major

How and why is the idea of redistribution of equal resourses Essay

How and why is the idea of redistribution of gibe resourses challenged by the idea of equal opportunity and recognition - Essay ExampleThis is because these regions hold almost 80 percent of the servicemans wealth. The Korean Peninsula, for instance, holds a fifth of the entire worlds wealth. The southwest is represented by Africa and Latin America (Shafir and Brysk, 2006). This region, compared to the rest of the world records high levels of poverty, ravaged by unhealthiness and is characterised by overall underdevelopment. Despite calls for re-distribution to reverse this trend, the recently emerging call for free-market thinking has placed re-distribution advocates on the defence. Nevertheless, equal claims for re-distribution have contributed a paradigm case for most theories that regard social justice for the prehistoric one hundred and fifty years (Fraser and Honneth, 2003).However, in the contemporary world, in that respect has arisen another second harming regarding cl aims for social-justice referred to as politics of recognition (Robinson, 2003). The objective of the politics of recognition, in its most feasible shape, is a world that is keen on embracing the varied diversity that characterises humanity. Proponents of recognition call for a world where there will no longer be assimilation to majority cultural norms that are prevalent and prevalent whereupon the consequent subscription to such norms is equated to the ultimate price of equal respect. A case in point would be calls to recognise diverse ethnic points of view as well as distinctive sexual and racial minorities as well as differences in gender. In the recent past, this claim has been on the rise among political philosophers. Additionally, the said political philosophers seek to endear their effort towards developing a distinct school of model for justice centred on recognition.On overall basis as Bauman (1998) observes, it follows that the world is faced with a wise constellation. The subject matter for social justice has now taken a dual perspective as it is split between recognition on one hand and re-distribution on the other. However,

Southwest Airlines selections system Case Study

southwestern Airlines selections organisation - Case Study ExampleSouthwest is in addition the largest carrier based on scheduled domestic departures.. Yearend results for 2006 marked Southwests 34th consecutive class of profitability. Southwest became a major airline in 1989 when it exceeded the billion-dollar revenue mark. Southwest is the United States most booming low-fare, high frequency, point-to-point carrier(southwest.com 2007)However, the success of the airline did not only revolve on how they deal with the customers in which majority of the businesses deems that they are the most important element of the association, South West airlines also deals with their employees which the management also deems that it is actually important to practice them the right compensation as the said company believes in meritocracy wherein they tend to give rewards for the employees in order for them to do more than. With this, the company gives incentives and perks for the employees. With this, there are a lot of individuals who wishes to be active in the said company. To date, the said company provides work for 33,000 total employees.Considering the fact that the company has the prestige and masses of applicants, the interesting part that one must look into and garners interest is the selection process. Of course, it is an established fact that delinquent to the aforementioned premises, the selection process is much different from other employment method. The question, how the selection process is make in line with the standards of the company and the demand of the avocation without sacrificing the prestige and the name established by the company This is indeed a subject that is worth dealing with specially, the selection system of the company. The company focuses on the cogency and weakness of an individual in which, this is the basis on how an employee is selected. Of course, there is an advantage for those people who can cipher their effect much mo re than their weakness in a certain job description save this kind of bearing is not the sole basis of the company in order for one to be employed in the job. There are instances that hired applicants are assessed how they can adjust their weakness into strength and how a job description could be suited in an individuals personality- even if it means that a persons weakness is the main reason of why he/she is employed. Petree (2003) further added that Southwest philosophy is to hire for attitude and check out for skill, and having a process for assessing and developing needed skills for the job is a part of the learning management strategy. That done, we also want to focus on increasing peoples strengths-not always focusing on where you may have education opportunities, but where you have strengths that we want to enhance to make you even more effective in your jobUpon analyzing the costs that the company shoulders whether direct or indirect has something to do with the operation of the company. In this case, some companies would suggests that the lesser the cost, the better and the more it would benefit the company. There are a lot of considerations that are needed in order for its impact in the company to be analyzed. In this case, one should look into a more concise and deeper perspective. This means that we should look into the price that the company should pay in order for the said system to be utilized by the company. If we are to analyze, the company

Communication in the workplace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication in the workplace - Case Study ExampleCommunication can be defined as information raptus to receiver from sender under the condition of transmitted message being thoroughly understood by receiver. Business dialogue can be internal or external but in this consider internal organizational communication shall be highlighted. Communication is ever changing and dynamic. It can be categorize into transmission of verbal and non-verbal messages. Trade union is representatives of employees and they should be able to effectively communicate their issues to vigilance.Bad communication between top management and art union in Maestro Fits has resulted into workplace conflict. The issue started eat up in 15th November when management had taken decision to close internal restaurant. 30th November had been decided as the closing date. However divvy up union president sent a letter to top management on 28th requesting shift in the date. The reason behind this was three employees were working there on a part-time basis. Top management replied that trade union would be given responsibility of structuring a business fancy for the new restaurant and forming a new workers group. Since business plan was not developed by trade union so workers group proposed an estimate of donating 2 convertible marks by employees per day. A voting poll was organized by trade union where 325 employees supported the donation idea, 188 were against it and 186 employees did not cast any vote. The results were then forwarded to working group stating that trade union shall not insist restaurant formation due to less than 50% of employees in upgrade of the idea (Ferrante, 2010). On the other hand, top management already had taken decision regarding decrease in employees salaries. This decision came into existence on 10th December 2013. The major reason behind this was overlook of financial support due to no new business contracts. Trade union strictly irrelevant this decision.This case study problem clearly reveals

Social Networking Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Networking suffer - Assignment ExampleI have massively utilized Facebook in connecting to the diverse business fundamental interaction and management via placing stories regarding BusinessWeek, Wired News, and Computerworld. This has attracted attention of the teens and adults. Nevertheless, I intend to add MySpace and LinkedIn to attract positive attention in regard to my professional projects of genial media and kind networking tools in the establishment and utilization of the third party social networking as means of communication of business personnel.The five main connections that have recently attracted entail social bookmarking, Blogs widget, MySpace and LinkedIn. Social bookmarking account to the post where public users does not own any account thus allow account both video and image whilst blogs will cater for the Twitter, Google, Blogger and Word press thus locomote connection. Widget will cater for those who utilize Opera browser such as web tools, games, melo dy and corresponding news whilst MySpace and LinkedIn will offer

Introduction to Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to sum Chain Management - Essay ExampleChapter 3 is about managing the turn tail of materials across the add on stove. At this point, the authors try to be more specific in order to ascertain supply chains. They also hold specific discussion on reengineering supply chain logistics, and reengineering ch on the wholeenges and opportunities. Then they point out that information systems and engineering are key enablers for supply chain engineering. They also take ond the importance of sequence in managing the flow of materials across the supply chain. With this, one of the highlights in this section is showing the opportunities for cycle-time reduction across the supply chain. Furthermore, Chapter 3 also includes performance measurement because the authors significantly include the thought that supply chain forethought is all about issue of control. Finally, Chapter 4 includes the general idea about developing and maintaining supply chain relationships. Regarding th is, the authors include the discussion of a conceptual model of alliance development, developing a trusting relationship with partners in the supply chain, and resolving conflicts in a supply chain relationship. ... In this concern, it is important for instance to understand the integration of information systems and technology in order to come up with effective supply chain management. Furthermore, in the onset of modern age technology and so deliberately advancing technological and information systems revolution, the authors make it a special priority to immix this reality with the learners. In addition the authors try to be more elaborate in their thoughts concerning the flow of materials across the supply chain. In this section, they especially highlight techniques on how to ensure smooth-flowing flow of materials across the supply chain. So they integrate the concept of reengineering supply chain logistics, challenges and opportunities. For them, it is a matter of time to impl ement all these techniques so as to ensure productive output, so they integrate the importance of time in managing the flow of materials across the supply chain. Finally, in chapter 4, the authors significantly imply that supply chain management includes substantial issue about building relationship. In this regard, the authors include the idea on how to develop alliance, trust with partners and resolving conflicts that may potentially arise. As noticed, the idea of supply chain management that the authors present in Chapter 1 to 4 includes the point that it is basically part of strategic effort of the go with or organization in order to create and deliver product or service offerings on time. Applying this idea in the context of marketing could prove that delivering product or service offerings on time results to probable achievement of high level customer satisfaction. However, in order to do this,

From Data to Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

From Data to Decision - Essay ExampleThe data sets have been graphed accordingly as histograms in the graphs presented below.The graphs presented above clearly show that the best actors in the range between 0 and 30 are only 3 which represent only 3.8% of the entire data set. In contrasts the best actresses in this classification are 30 that represent 37.8% of the entire data set making it exceptionally high. Furthermore, as the classifications in the best actors categories proceeds the frequency increases most in the range between 31 and 60 with the greatest expansion in the range between 41 and 50 claiming a frequency of 31. In contrast, the best actresses graph tends to display the greatest frequencies between 0 and 41 with a total of 60. This is bug out of a total of 79 which in turn makes that best actresses graph skewed towards these age ranges. In contrast the best actor graph is somewhat centrally distributed around the 41 to 50

Handgun control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Handgun control - look for Paper ExampleIn order to understand gun control legislation, it is necessary to understand the vocalize a responsible citizen. According to a local police officer, Steve Rusiecki, a responsible citizen is one who is a law-abiding citizen, does not ab hold alcohol or drugs, has no felony records, has renounced U.S. citizenship, is legally in the U.S., is not mentally sick, and has not been dishonorably discharged from the military (Savage 1). This description entails all the elements from the Arizonas concealed drivel law and Federal Gun Control Act of 1968. The founding fathers made the second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and it states A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed (Savage 2). It was then included into the Bill of Rights. The founding fathers feared the federal government was going to oppress its citizens if they had no means of defend their nations and themselves. The right to possess and use guns was facilitated by Algernon Sidney, Aristotle, John Locke and Cicero.According to Samuel Adams, the militia that is expound in the United States Constitution does not only refer to the National Guard or the Army. He suggests this group is comprised of free citizens. In addition, George Manson argues that a well managed militia comprises of Freeholders, Gentlemen and other Freemen (Squires 77). The American innovationary state of war was won with the help of an armed population consisting of militias, continental army, partisans and independent companies. It is, therefore, evident that the Founding Fathers realized that the friendship can benefit from firearms that are handled by responsible citizens (Squires 77). Many years later after the Revolution War, the government began to introduce regulations on the possession and usage of firearms. The initial measure was concerned with the way in which citizens could carr y guns (Harrold 5). For example, in 1850 the Louisiana Supreme Court gave a ruling that the constitution does not plight any citizen to carry concealed arms. However, earlier courts rulings asserted that the constitution protected the right of citizens to possess and use concealed weapons (Harrold 4). Just some time before Civil War, most Southern States, passed laws that denied the freed blacks and slaves from possessing firearms. This decision was initially made by Dred Scott Decision. Dred Scott argued that blacks, and slave had no rights to citizenship and they, therefore, have no right to possess and carry guns. The on-line(prenominal) gun control legislation takes into

Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

vomit - Research Paper ExampleThis is very significant for historians and those who seek to understand their back ground. The temple does fit the mortuary temple that was of Ramses the 2nd and is of orthodox design (Wilkinson, 2000). The temple is very well reserved and it is contact by an enclosure of massive mad brick that could have been alter. Its original entry is through some fortified gate-house called Migdal and it resembles an artistic fortress. Just within the enclosure towards the south side are the chapels of Shepenut the 2nd, Nitiqret and Amenirdis the 1st. the three were titled the inspired Adoratrice of Amun. The first pylon does lead to an open courtyard, which is lined with colossal statues that are of Ramses the 3rd as Osiris in star of the sides and on the other are un-carved columns. The second pylon does lead to a peristyle hall, once more than featuring Ramses the 3rds columns. This heads up a ramp, which heads to the 3rd pylon and then to a big hyposty le hall, one that has lost its roof. During Coptic times, there used to be a church within the temple twist however it has been remove since. There have been alterations of the carvings in the main walls by Coptic Carvings. Along the grey wall, several liturgical festivities have been listed as well as reproduced and the temples economic resources that are necessary for its functionality and brought there from the temples numerous possessions that were donated to it by the king during its inauguration (Wilkinson, 2000). The 1st pylon where one can view 4 large hollows that are intended to hold poles made of wood, from which divine Sigmia flew, has been decorated with bas-reliefs that show Ramses the 3rd in a ritual massacre for Asian prisoners process sooner Amun-Re (southern tower) as well as Libyan and Nubian prisoners before Amun-Re Harakhty (northern tower). On the pylons south horse opera side, one may view a scene brilliantly illustrated, of bull hunting within the marshe s.

Reflective Commentary Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Reflective Commentary - Course trim ExampleThe mission of Nottingham University line of products School is to improve business and management knowledge. It trained us to perform well in home(a) competitions. It offers full time MBA program and executive MBA program. I take on been assigned a project to work on an Indian Industry. For this purpose, I have taken help from the professors of Globsyn art School as it is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the renowned B-School of India and have the corporate contacts also. Here, I got to know that the new economy environment of the school crafted it wizard of the most forward thinking B-School in India. With a built on look and technology, innovation, along with typical initiatives in the form of Knowledge Connect, Global Connect and Corporate Connect, Globsyn is creating a globally networked, corporate know-how, research driven management education system. It moves further than traditional forms of management knowledge to a research base delivery framework in order to create Industry Ready Managers to work in at onces technology driven business environment. ... The PGDM/MBA programme provides for strong curriculum based learning. The specialisation offered beneath PGDM/MBA program is marketing, information system, finance and human resources. I also gained Indian MBA experience along with a wide area of study. Analytical method of teaching is taken into consideration rather than descriptive teaching. Quizzes and tests have been conducted on weekly basis. E-learning was also conducted which includes video clips and audio presentation. It also includes teaching through power range presentation. The program has been planned to provide assistance to the students to prepare either for corporate management careers or to move academic studies in India or abroad. It also includes contribution towards research and development or joins the academic community. there are many options for us to work in a variety of fi elds ranging from NGOs to Government assignments etc. Globsyn Business School gives the option to choose our area of studies and excel in our respective(prenominal) domains. Though the first year consists of compulsory papers, we get the choices to cross-skill ourselves and face the competitive business environment. In succor year, we can choose our specialisation in our interested area of study. I also came to know that as a part of Global Connect Program, the international faculty member takes classes thereby giving us opportunity to learn new and contemporary management techniques Learning Culture of Nottingham University Business School (Home Country) Nottingham University Business School offers Full-time MBA, Executive MBA, MBA Corporate Social Responsibility, MBA Entrepreneurship, and MBA Finance. The programme is designed to provide us with assorted skills and knowledge to succeed in

Question 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

drumhead 3 - Essay ExampleThe religious beliefs of Zoroastrianism go back to the common Aryan, Indo-European source, so Zoroastrian eschatology has parallels in eschatology of other Indo-European peoples. Zoroastrian eschatology and the doctrine of the opposing forces of good and evil had a slap-up influence on various monotheistic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.According to Zoroastrianism, the supreme creator Ahura Mazda has defined the term of the man at 12 000 years (Price). In the first common chord thousand years, Ahura Mazda created the spiritual foundation and the light. At this time, the Zoroastrian devil did not contact the spiritual world, as it existed outside of it. Then evil came into the world and it resulted in the universal opposition amid Ahura Mazda and Ahriman (the Evil). The remaining 9,000 years Zoroastrians divide into three epochs of the combat between God and the Satan. The last 3-thousand-year period begins at the preaching of Zoro aster. According to Avesta, during these three thousand years three saviors will come. At the end of the century, in the struggle between Ahura Mazda and Ahriman, the evil hard liquor will get together full authority over the earth, and fill it with all sorts of disasters. When the disasters reach their its climax, the creator of the world will enrapture the first savior named Aushedar, the developer of righteousness (Price). He will do great wonders and call people to repentance. For a short time, people will find peace and prosperity. Thus, his appearance will not lead to the utmost victory. The second saviour is called Aushedar-mah (Price). People will be drinking water instead of eating the meat. Ahriman and his spirits will lose their power over man.However, after some time the evil will be reborn in the image of a monster named Azhi Dahaka, who will bring suffering and destruction to people. As

AP language rhetorical terms list Essay Example for Free

AP manner of speaking rhetorical terms list EssayLook up the spoken language and deal in the ch guile as best as you can. Some of the terms are review and almost are new. We will use this list throughout the year so keep an updated copy with you in class. You may choose to make note cards for study but they are not motivationed for a grade. Periodically, you will be quizzed on how well you know the terms by utilize in your writing and recognizing in text. Terms When do I use it? Define it Can I take in it? Can I use it in my writing? ad hominen product line appealing to ghosts or prejudices earlier than intellect ad populumfallacious argument that concludes a proposition to be true be nominate many or most people believe it. allegory literary device The representation of abstract ideas or principles by graphemes, figures, or events in annals, dramatic, or pictorial form. alliteration mode The repetition of the kind rosy-cheeked sounds or of the same kinds of sound s at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables allusion rhetoric device reference ambiguity tone Doubtfulness or uncertainty as unions interpretation analogy Similarity of functions or properties illusion antecedent grammar A preceding occurrence, cause, or event. antithesisopposite aphorism A tersely phrased bid of a truth or opinion an adage apostrophe The direct address of an absent or imaginary psyche or of a personified abstraction, curiously as a digression in the course of a voice communication or composition. attitude essay A state of mind or a feeling thirst atmosphere A dominant intellectual or emotional environment or attitude plead the question type of informal illusion in which an implicit premise would directly entail the finding in other words, basing a conclusion on an assumption that is as much in need of proof or demonstration as the conclusion itselfchiasmus A rhetorical inversion of the second of both parallel structures clause A group of words containing a subject and a predicate and forming kick downstairs of a compound or complex time. colloquialism Characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or to writing that seeks the effect of legal transfer informal. conceit A favorable and especially unduly high school opinion of ones own abilities or worth. concrete gunpoint Specific details that form the backbone or core of the body paragraphs.Synonyms for concrete details include facts, particularizeds, examples, descriptions, illustrations, support, proof, prove, quotations, paraphrases, or plot references. connotation An idea or feeling that a word invokes person in humanitarian to its literal or primary signification denotation The action or process of indicating or referring to something by means of a word, symbol, etc descriptive detail devices A turn of phrase intended to produce a particular effect in vocabulary or a literary name diction Word choice didactic ntended to teach, particularly in havin g moral instruction as an ulterior motiveeuphemism Mild expression in place of a severe one extended metaphor An extended metaphor, also called a conceit, is a metaphor that continues into the sentences that follow. It is a good deal developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work, and are especially effective in poems and fiction. false analogy An informal fallacy applying to inductive arguments, in which the correspondentity in one respect of deuce concepts, objects, or events is taken as sufficient to establish that they are similar in another respect in which they actually are dissimilar figurative language dustup that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary or literal meaning of the words. figure of deliverance A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialised meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. genre A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter hasty- over/ generalization A general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases homily genre type of sermon, serious talk, speech or lecturehyperbole exaggeration imagery Visually descriptive or figurative language, esp. in a literary work inference/ infer A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning invective diction Strong use of language used to attack irony/ teetotal The expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphasized effect verbal Relating to or in the form of words situational A term denoting a manoeuvre or combo that can only be used under certain circumstances and cannot be done in a neutral state where both characters are on the ground.dramatic abrupt or striking juxtaposition The fact of two things being seen or placed close unitedly with contrasting effect lang uage The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional bearing loose sentence A loose sentence is a type of sentence in which the main idea is blow upd by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases. metaphor in literature and rhetoric, an analogy between two objects or ideas, conveyed by using a word instead of another word metonymyMetonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated with that thing or concept. mood the affective setting of a piece of literature communicative A narrative (or story) is any account of connected events, presented to a reader or listener in a sequence of written or spoken words, or in a sequence of (moving) pictures. narrative devices Methods to help convey the message in the story narrative technique The methods involved in weighty a story the procedures used by a importr of stor ies or accounts.Narrative technique is a general term (like devices, or resources of language) that asks you to discuss the procedures used in the telling of a story. onomatopoeia the use of imitative and naturally suggestive words for rhetorical, dramatic, or poeticeffect. oxymoron a figure of speech by which a saying produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictoryeffect, as in cruel kindness or to make haste slowly. paradox a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in realityexpresses a workable truth. parallelism Parallel comparison parody Mocking imitation pedantic toneOverly scholarly, academic, or bookish periodic sentence A periodic sentence is a sentence that is not grammatically complete until the final clause or phrase. Personification the attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstractnotions, especially as a rhetorical figure. compelling devices Techniques the author uses to influence the way yo u feel persuasive essay Persuasive writing, known as creative writing or an argument, is a piece of writing in which the writer uses words to convince the reader that the writers opinion is correct with regard to an issue. point of view(know all)narrative mode, the perspective of the narrative voice the pronoun used in narration post hoc fallacy Post hoc ergo propter hoc, Latin for after this, therefore because of this, is a logical fallacy (of the questionable cause variety) that states Since that event followed this one, that event must have been caused by this one. prose Prose is a form of language which applies ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditional poetry). red herring Red herring is an English-language idiom, a logical fallacy that misleads or detracts from the issue.It is also a literary device that leads readers or characters towards a false conclusion, often used in mystery or tec fiction. repetition Repe tition is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to provide emphasis. rhetoric Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations. rhetorical appeal Ethos, pathos, logos logosOriginally a word meaning a ground, a plea, an opinion, an expectation, word, speech, account, reason, ethos Cultures guiding ideals pathos Appealing to the audiences emotions rhetorical features his may involve the use of elaborate words or phrases that create a particular set of sounds. Perhaps puns, double meanings,alliteration, assonance or unusual grammatical forms may be used. rhetorical modes describe the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing. compare/ contrast measure out differences and similarities definition Expressing the nature of somethingcause/effect Cause is why something happens and effect is what happens division/ classification machinate into category example/illustration or type of composition intended to give information slightly (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea. exposition type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea. process analysis A method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something. argumentation/persuasive Social influence descriptiona statement, picture in words, or account that describes descriptive representation. rhetorical question A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point. rhetorical situation The Rhetorical Situation is the setting of a rhetorical event that consists of an issue, an audience, and a set of constraints. sarcasm harsh or bitter badinage or irony. satire a lite rary composition, in verse or prose, in which human fatuity and vice are held up toscorn, derision, or ridicule. simile a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly comparedsentence structures Grammatical arrangement of words in sentences simple blowzy to understand compound combinations of two or more elements complex In general usage, complexity tends to be used to characterize something with many parts in intricate arrangement. inverted word order style variation in language use to which social meanings are attributed stylistic devices In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. syllogism a piece of deductive reasoning from the general to the particularsymbol/ symbol something used for or regarded as representing something else a material object representingsomething, often something immaterial emblem, token, or sign. synecdoche a figure of s peech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for thegeneral or the general for the special syntax the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. theme the unifying subject or idea of a story thesis Central argument tone a literary technique which encompasses the attitudes toward the subject andtoward the audience implied in a literary work that is compatible with the other drive transition general aspects of writing style that signal changes in a story understatement Understatement is a form of speech which contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected. litotes In rhetoric, litotes (or) is a figure of speech in which understatement is employed for rhetorical effect, principally via double negatives. myosis reproduction wit Wit is a form of intelligent humour, the ability to say or write things that are clever and usually funny.

Report on Primary School Essay Example for Free

Report on Primary School EssayDrop-out problem is non ca utilize by any single reason, in fact, a whole push-down list of different factors work quarter it. These factors argon besides inter-re tardilyd to al unitary(prenominal) new(prenominal) and in that locationfore one factor influences or so(prenominal) other factors. For example, poerty has inter-linkages with galore( conveynominal) other factors that influences drop-out the c ars of quality of facts of life, p atomic number 18ntal attitude etc. s stick outtiness in any case has intra linkages with facts give care ac terms cost, indirect cost and prospect cost of teaching, primordial pressure for marriage. As poverty is one of the study reasons behind drop-out, it has mixed linkages with close to of the other problems. Although firsthand education is decl atomic number 18d as tuition-free, there be many direct cost like exam fees, enrollment fee certain aggregate from the recompense money is also ta ken for various reasons. These expenses become a big problem for the sorry households and it influences drop out because when survival is the issue, things like education is less(prenominal)(prenominal) important. A nonher problem was the concealed costs of checking that are robes, pen and paper, etc. totally of the 12 samples and their parents tell that buying clothes, pen and papers was a huge problem for them.All of the parents tell that as they are unfortunate people, these extra costs of give instructioning are unbear able to them. Almost all of 12 dropouts father missed give instruction frequently repayable to failure in obtaining these articles. They feared that they go out be punished if they go to civilize without pen or paper. Teachers said that children who come to give lessons without pen or paper cause a lot of trouble because they are unable to do any syndicate work and disturb the other students. So they are given punishment. The hazard costs of sc hooling include chore time, sibling care and foregone seeings of children.The hazard costs of educating children are higher(prenominal) in forgetful families because these families rely more than on each process to contri preciselye to the familys economic survival. Girls and women are the unpaid household graspers. All of the 6 fe male samples moil in the household is an economic necessity because it frees others to earn outside. All of them had to do important works like collect water and firewood, washing utensils, jocking in cooking and taking care of siblings. Dropouts who belonged to large families, less earning members and unstable income due to illness of earning members had to do wage work for hard hard currency.All of the female samples told that they had worked in cryptic households as domestic helps when their family needed cash or could non afford a satisfactory meal. It is unmanageable for scurvy families to afford the prospect cost of schooling because the contri merelyion of their childs compass at household work or earning is essential at certain times for the survival of their families. All of these direct, hidden and opportunity costs are intra-linked with poverty, which causes paltry succeedance set.This encourages dropping-out as the school terms clash with the rustic rack and those who miss school over several weeks drop behind, teachers withdraw their books and they are disqualified for earnings, as a result, they ultimately abandon school. want is interlinked with quality of education as poor families cannot afford cloak-and-dagger tuitions for their children. Apart from a few parents most of them were illiterate and they could not give any effective help to their children in their studies. Hence these parents have regarded the need of expiration to private tuitions as a really pressing one.All the samples agreed that students who in like mannerk private tuitions performs in the syllabus and does rise in ex ams. All the parents agreed that if the teachers had taught the students well in the class, then the parents would not have to spend extra money to commove their children for private tuitions. The parents even out said that the teachers do this deliberately to earn money. The students who get word private coaching get promoted to the next class regardless of their results, so they do not get dropped from the PESP receivers list. As a result, just now the children from solvent families are able to continue their studies.Dropping out due to incapacitating for PESP have been spy in this look amongst those households who sent their children to school after hearing about the PESP. During harvest period, there are many works to be finished, so a lot of the children do not go to school. Consequently, many of them fail in the exams as they fail to catch up with the class due to absence. As a result, they get dropped from the PESP receivers list. So again the economic factors affect the situation because it can be seen that only the children of the well to do families can receive pay.This is because since the children of solvent people do not have to work at home, they can attend school regularly and on the other hand, they can cook private lessons by using the money they get from requital, so they can pass in the exams. Poverty is interlinked to students eagerness to learn. As the drop-out children belonged to the poor households they all suffered from certain extent of malnutrition. The samples told that usually they went to school after consume rice, rice crisps, banana, molasses etc and 7 of the children said that very a lot they had to take insufficient food and so they matte hungry in the class.Some of the children had to do household works and they felt tired and sleepy in the class. All of these children said they found it hard to concentrate in the study. So the eagerness and motivation of the children of the poor households are affected by thei r economic condition. The irregular and blue salary of teachers influences their motivation to teach and forces them to opine on alternative income sources like private tuition. As a result they are obligated to favor their private students which create frustration amongst the other students.These children found school unfriendly and unfair. They become reluctant to attend school and as a result they miss classes and this causes poor performance in exams. All of these factors contributes to dis metamorphoseing from earnings curriculum and finally leads to drop-out. Societal reasons are also found to be affecting drop-out of children, in particular girls. The people of this village are very pious and they think back that school education is the trend of the youthful age. They think that receiving religious lessons is more important since it will help them in the afterlife.Maximum people think that it is foolish for children of poor people to receive higher education because t here are no much(prenominal) job opportunities for them, and the people who have no certainty of their mean solar day meal will obviously send their children to work and earn money to run the family, this is reality. Pressure for early marriage is also present as most of the community members agreed that this the safest option for the parents. Incidents of eve teasing were seen and sadly the societal pressure was on the girl as she will earn a bad reputation and her prospect of marriage will be ruined.These types of societal pressures are interlinked with unsupportive parental attitudes, because all parents and especially the poor parents do not have much of a say in the society and they are the most vulnerable ones. So the parents of a girl child prefer marriage over education as that is safest option and also this is what the society expects them to do. So all of these different factors are interlinked with each other which affects dropping out of children. CHAPTER 7 IMPACTS OF PESP 7. 1 BACKGROUND OF PESP.The most notable among the incentive programs undertaken by the government at the primary quill take aim were the Food for Education Program (FFE) and the Primary Educational payment Program (PESP). The FFE Program was launched in 1993 to maturation the enrollment, persistence, and attendance rates of children from landless and very poor families. Forty share of the children enrolled in primary schools in the keistered poor areas certain a monthly allocation of wheat or rice for their family if they attended primary school regularly.To be eligible for receiving the food, the children were to be present at school for 85 percentage of classes each month. A sliding scale increase the meat if more than one child per family attended school. Ultimately, the FFE was implemented in 1255 unions, covering 27 percent of the country. The World Banks 1998 Poverty Assessment found that the FFE did raise enrollment and attendance rates, and by 2000, the FFE program had covered about 27 percent of all primary schools in Bangladesh. Out of 5. 2 million students enrolled in schools with FFE, about 40 percent received food grains (mostly wheat) through the program.About two million families benefited from the FFE program. still there negative issues related to the FFE program as well. It suffered from high levels of leakage (it cost 1. 59 taka to maneuver 1 taka in benefits) and was poorly targeted (50 percent of the beneficiaries came from households above the humbleer poverty line). Increases in the price of the food commodities in 2001-2002 caused the government of Bangladesh to reduce the amount of food aid, until the program was dis move in June 2002.However, universal primary education was still far from achieving. So, a naked as a jaybird program, the PESP was introduced. The new Primary Education Stipend Project was designed to provide cash assistance through a stipend program to poor primary school pupils and their families throughout rude Bangladesh. The targeted beneficiaries of the PESP were an estimated 5. 5 million pupils from the poorest households who were enrolled in eligible primary schools in all rural areas of Bangladesh (469 upazillas).In order to qualify for the stipend, selected pupils were to maintain 85 percent monthly attendance and attain a minimum of 50 percent tag on the annual exam administered for each direct. To continue to participate in the program, a school moldiness demonstrate at least(prenominal)(prenominal) 60 percent pupil attendance, and 10 percent of its grade 5 pupils must sit for the Primary School Scholarship Exam. Households of qualifying pupils would receive 100 taka (about $1. 76) per month for one pupil (not to exceed 1200 taka annually) and 125 taka per month for more than one pupil (not to exceed 1500 taka annually). half dozen designated national banks would disburse the stipends on a quarterly basis to authorized parents/guardians on a pre-determined ac companiment at the local bank branch or at a temporary distribution post (camp) established at a convenient location in spite of appearance 5 kilometres of the school site. Stipends would be disbursed to pupils parents or legal guardians who present the proper PESP bank-issued identity card. Preferences were to be given to issuing cards to the mothers of the selected pupil. The new features of the PESP were Subsidies provided in cash, rather than in kind (as in the FFE Program) would ease transfer to poor recipients and would limit the meshing of school personnel in distribution (FFE required teachers to dole out the wheat and rice). Cost-effectiveness would increase as the government of Bangladesh can offer stipends to more families for the identical cost and not be vulnerable to increases in food prices (as with the FFE Program that necessitated decreasing the amount of food provided). The stipend amount is fixed at a level that will significantly offset household poverty (unli ke the 25 taka offered through the PES Project).The cash stipend is more flexible, so the family can determine its best use according to their needswhether it is used for food purchase, school expenses or financing income generating activities (unlike the FFE Program where households often sold the food at less than market grade to obtain cash). Disbursing the stipend funds to the mother will increase her power within the household and she will be more likely to spend the money to improve the childrens offbeat (earlier programs disbursed to fathers or male household heads).Leakage will be reduced because (i) commodities (such as the FFE Programs wheat and rice rations) are more liable to misappropriation and (ii) bank-mediated distribution eliminates scope for underpayment or kick-backs. cookery of stipends on a nation-wide basis (rather than in selected areas) will reach the poor families throughout rural Bangladesh who must restrict their childrens participation in primary scho ol. 7. 2 ProgramME Performance.The Primary Education Stipend Project (PESP) aims to increase the educational participationenrollment, attendance, persistence, and performanceof primary school-aged children from poor families throughout Bangladesh by providing cash payments to targeted households. The new Primary Education Stipend Project is designed to provide cash assistance through a stipend program to poor primary school pupils and their families throughout rural Bangladesh. The impacts of PESP in the search area are described below according to the official objectives of the PESP Increase the enrollment rate among primary school-aged children from poor families. The researcher found this objective successful to some extent because the statistics provided by the teachers show that enrolment rate has increase after the PESP have been introduced. The school enrolled the new students in only class one. The metrical composition of enrolment of last quintet years has been shown in the table below. YearNumber of students enrolled in class 1Total students of the school 200084270 200195280 2002102288 2003108295 2004116309 hold over 6 The number of students enrolled in class 1. Increase the attendance rate of primary school pupils. The PESP precept is that regular attendance will improve pupils education outcomes and contribute to good grades on exams. Attaining 40 percent marks will motivate the pupil to study and the pupils family to support his/her studies, by ensue school attendance (not withdrawing for labour) and providing the necessary supplies and inputs. Combined these conditions are expected to lead to reduced repetition and drop-out and increased completion. Meeting the attendance requirement on a monthly basis willdetermine the amount of the quarterly stipend disbursement.If a pupil does not meet the condition, the stipend will not be paid for that month. Classroom teachers record attendance daily, checked by head teachers. The 85 percent target is relatively high, compared with average primary school attendance rates that are reported to be 61 percent or below and even with the FSSAP which has a target of 75 percent. This objective was not very successful as the attendance rate was very poor in the primary school were this research have been done. Teachers said that in general attendance rate is well below 85 percent.Students from the poor households are the most irregular ones. The reason for absenteeism is primarily due to the inability to pay for school expenses and/or the need to work either at home or outside the home. However, in some of the cases, reasons behind absenteeism were temporary or chronic illness, disinclination for schooling, bad weather, flooding, etc. During the rainy season the attendance was low as the roads were muddy and slippery and transportation was unavailable. During the bad whether some of them stayed absent as they didnt want to damage their clothes.Two of the samples said that they had only two clothes, of which one was torn so they wore it in the house and the other one they wore in the school. They remained absent if the better cloth was wet as they couldnt were the other one. The direct and opportunity costs of schooling, cultural constraints and prejudices, and special needs of vulnerable childrenprevent these children from going to school. Although primary education is declared as tuition-free, there are many direct costs like exam fees, enrolment fee etc and with this there are many indirect costs like pen, papers, clothes etc.Though the stipend money was a help to some extent to the poor families, it was distributed after 3 months and during that time whenever the family couldnt afford the necessary equipments, the children remained absent. Although the stipend receivers said that they bought pen, papers, clothes etc, they also said they still missed school whenever they couldnt manage them as they were given punishments. Another reason for low attendance of th e students was the opportunity cost of the child.Students frequently remained absent during different times of agricultural cycles as their labour was needed by their family. In the rainy seasons some of the boys helped their father in boat rowing so they stayed absent and because of this, they were dropped from the stipend receivers list. Reduce the drop out rate of primary school pupils and increase the cycle completion rate of primary school pupil. Unlike enrollment, persistence in primary school requires an current household commitment that, especially among the vulnerable poor, is easily assailed by family circumstances (e.g. illness, death), the economy, and a host of other factors.The continuous payment of a stipend for the pupils entire primary school careerdoes provide two motivation and a monetary cushion for the family by helping to offset the opportunity costs associated with economic hardship that could pull a child from school. However, as a child ages both the dir ect and opportunity costs (for boys in the labour market and girls in the marriage market) increase, and the stipend is not sufficient to meet these costs.In addition, considerations other than monetarysuch as lack of interest in schooling, dissatisfaction with the quality of schooling, cultural imperatives to marry, etc. whitethorn come into play that are not amenable to fiscal incentives. Although primary education is declared as tuition-free, there are many direct costs like exam fees, enrolment fee certain amount from the stipend money is also taken for various reasons. These expenses become a big problem for the poor households and it influences dropping out. The number of drop-out children in last five-spot years is given below.Table 7 Number of dropouts in the last 5 years provided by the school YearNumber of drop-out childrenNumber of children completed class fiveTotal students in class five 1999104555 2000124254 2001114455 2002114960 2003124759 Chart The number of dropouts and completions during last five years Although the dropout numbers provided by the school shows that dropout from school in class five is around 10 to 12, the researcher found that in reality the number was more than that as certain amount of underwriting is done so that the school remains in the PESP allotting list.The PESP stipend does not appear to meaningfully offset the opportunity costs of child labour, averaging less than 5 taka per day or $2 per month. But, its ability to attract children from the labour market to school clearly depends on the situation of the family. It is unlikely that a desperately poor family would be able to forego the income or even the food earned by a regularly-employed child. However, in some cases the child may continue to earn a sufficient amount outside of school hours and during school absences tolerated by the PESP (15 percent).The additional 25 taka per month for any subsequent children enrolled in primary school represents a much smaller c ontribution towards meeting the opportunity cost of schooling, and acts more as a take to those households who have already made the decision to send their children to school than to encourage households to send non-attending children to school. Since opportunity costs must also be added to direct costs of schooling to assess the real cost, families of working children may not be able to cover both the sacrifice of a childs income or labour and the cash outlays for the direct costs discussed above.Both the direct and opportunity costs of schooling increases as the child ages and progresses in primary school, increasing the burden for very poor families. Consequently, the PESP stipend may not be sufficient to overcome the financial barriers to primary schooling in families where children must work evermore to increase household production or income or to feed themselves. Enhance the quality of primary education.The PESP is least likely to be successful in improving the quality of education (as defined by learning outcomes and completion rates), because it places the entire burden of quality improvement on the child (maintaining high attendance) and household (purchasing educational inputs to ensure good grades), rather than on the teacher or school. First, failure to achieve is more often the result of poor instruction than of incapable students.Second, families targeted for support are poor, and it is far more likely that the stipend will be used to provide additional food and clothing for the family than purchase educational materials or tutoring for a primary school child. And while it would not be reasonable to expect a stipend program to also be a quality improvement program, the PESP may have negative consequences for educational quality of the 75-85 percent of primary school-age children already in school by diverting resources away fromneeded supply-side improvements.The impact of PESP in the research area seemed to favour access over quality. The te achers said as the most of the parents who enrolled their children for stipend, they dont worry about the quality of education instead they want to receive the stipend money anyhow. This attitude can never help to improve quality of education. Ensure equity in the provision of financial assistance to primary school-age children and alleviate poverty.Bangladesh ranks as one of the poorest countries in the world, with a gross domestic product per capita of $350. The poor account for about 50 percent of Bangladeshs total population, and 37 percent are counted among the hard-core poor, who live in the direst circumstances (Bangladesh Human Development Report 2000, BIDS). That fifty-three percent of pupils in the primary education system come from poor households reflects the high demand for primary education among East Pakistani parents.Ultimately, much of the success of the PESP in combating poverty and helping families deal with the direct and opportunity costs of direct their chil dren to primary school will depend on the validity of the targeting mechanism and on the real value of the stipend in offsetting those costs. Primary school-age children become eligible for stipend benefits if their families meet at least one of the following five targeting criteria ? Children from a landless or near-landless household that owns less than half an acre of land ? Children of day labourers?Children from female-headed households (i. e. , a household headed by a female who is widowed, separated from husband, divorced, or having a disabled husband) ? Children from households that earn their living from low-income professions (such as, fishing, pottery, weaving, blacksmithing, and cobbling) and ? Children of sharecroppers. At present, the targeting methodology does not appear sufficiently well-defined to ensure that the poorest families in Bangladesh benefit, but rather the poorer families relative to their specific locale (which may not be terribly poor).With no exonerat ed guidelines or empirical methods for identifying the poorest students, it is not clear how poor children can be identified. More over, a lot of community members and parents of the dropout children blamed the teachers and SMC members of deliberate biases and distortions. Almost universally, those interviewed said that SMC members and teachers complicit in giving favour to local elites and the non-poor in school admission and enrollment in the PESP or extracting some form of payment for consideration.Because the SMC members are generally members of the local elite, it has been told by the parents of the drop-outs and community member that they have a tendency to favour their own friends and relatives. The stipend amount appears sufficient to cover the education costs of one child, but the PESP often employs a rationale that double- and triple-counts the stipend, by stating that it will offset direct costs, eliminate opportunity costs, and increase household income.It is unlikely t hat the stipend is adequate to address all three at the same time. It does not appear to fully sleep with that the PESP will also cause the familiesespecially those with working childrento incur significant costs that may not represent a net gain for the household (at least in the short-term). The PESP may be too expensive for very poor households whose children are not already enrolled, as the stipend amount is not sufficient to pay for education, compensate for lost wages/production and increase household income as well.Poverty impedes households ability to pay for school fees and/or other direct (e. g. textbooks) and indirect (e. g. donations for school authorities) costs that may be required for school admission or full participation in primary school. vile households are more likely to need childrens labour for income-producing or cost-saving activities, and be less able to sacrifice the childs time to schooling, resulting in frequent absenteeism and/or early withdrawal from school. The poor are more prone to disease and malnutrition than the non-poor.Poor health and nutritional status among young and school-aged children can result in illness and/or physical and cognitive impairment or delays, causing late enrollment, drop-out, absenteeism and poor learning outcomes. Additional objectives (mentioned by MOPME officials) Eradication of child labour and empowerment of women were the additional objectives. PESP could not eradicate child labour as it was seen that the samples often missed classes because of various household works.All of the 6 male samples helped their fathers in the battleground at different times of agricultural cycles. The boys who worked in the agricultural field worked in two phases. For working in the morning from 8AM to 1PM, they received 1 meal and 50 to 70 taka and for working from 2PM to 5PM, they are given 30 taka. In the rainy season a some of the male samples helped their fathers in boat rowing. Girls and women are the unpaid household labourers.All of the 6 female samples labour in the household is an economic necessity because it frees others to earn outside. All of them had to do important works like collecting water and firewood, washing utensils, helping in cooking and taking care of siblings. Because of these reasons, parents were reluctant to spare their daughters for schooling. in that location is no evidence of gender disparity in enrollment rates among the poor, but it is likely that girls who belonged to poor families are less likely to persist and perform in school than boys.But as there is a stipend programme for the secondary female students, girls are now getting the opportunity for higher studies. Social Impact of PESP Irrespective of the PESPs impact on primary education or its stint the poorest 40 percent of families, the prevalence of poverty in Bangladesh is such that the PESP must be regarded as a positive move in improving social welfare, in that it represents a substantial redist ribution or transfer of income from the wealthier sections of society to the poorer ones.Given the rural focus, it is seen that these cash transfers has some positive impact on the economies of small rural communities. As households spend the PESP stipend on commodities (books, food, clothing, etc) and services (tutoring, medical, etc. ), the effects are rippling through the community, generating additional income for merchants and suppliers. Insofar as mothers are the stipend recipients, it is expected that they will have decision-making authority over its use and their economic prestige will be enhanced somewhat.The political and social impact is also positive as beneficiary poor families and community members appreciate the recognition of need and the benefits offered by the PESP. But the major negative impact of this program is that those parents who sent their children to school after hearing about the stipend money, many of them withdrew their children when they were dropped f rom the stipend receivers list.These parents were unaware of the rules for achieving the stipend and they became angry andannoyed by the rules. They also claimed that rules are strictly followed in the cases of poor students and teachers showed biasness while distributing stipends. According to them, the students who take private tuitions from the teachers and the children of the rich and powerful people receive stipend even if they are irregular or have failed in exams. Many of the parents said with angriness that the strictness of rules happens only for the poor.Thus even though the stipend programme has increased the enrolment rate it has also became a reason for dropping out of children. The people who have two or more children enrolled in school do not support the rule of Tk. 125 for two children. They feel that all of their children should receive Tk. 100 each. Some of the parents of the dropouts were very annoyed with this rule. Few dropout children had their siblings readi ng in the same schools as well, so the amount of money received from PESP due to this rule made the parents take different strategy.Although both children received stipend, many of these parents withdrew their eldest child from school and engaged them in work, while the other children continued studying as long as they receive stipend. It is difficult for a poor family to afford the opportunity cost of more then one child. Matrix 1Knowledge, attitude and perception towards the primary education stipend project Key issues Students ParentsTeachersCommunity 1. Knowledge regarding the project.Selection criteriaFor poor and regular students, in primary school are eligible for stipendFor poor and regular students85% attendance and at least 45% pass marks in each subjects in all examsGiven to all poor and good students schools Retention CriteriaRegular attendance and at least pass marks in all examsRegular attendance and good result85% attendance and at least 50% pass marks in each subject s in all examsRegular attendance in school and good result Disbursement ProcessDistributed by bank officials or teachers to the students in school/nearby camps arranged for disbursement.Distributed from school and received by studentsDistributed from school or camps arranged by UPO in the presence of headmaster, class teacher, and SMC members Distributed by school among students 2. Attitude towards the projectBeneficial for all especially the poor. Helpful for allHighly beneficial particularly to the poor studentsHelpful for children enough of stipend amount Disbursement processNot sufficient and should be increased ReasonableInadequate for expenses of direct and hidden costs but still helpful.ReasonableThough inadequate but helpful for the very poor students Though reasonable but takes a whole working day Key issuesStudentsParentsTeachersCommunity 3. Impact of the project Enrollment Attendance Increased, particularly for the poor students Increased a short(p) Increased Increased a atomic Increased for all, and especially increased for poor students Attendance is still the same amongst poor students but in general increased a little Increased Probably more regular than before Dropout Completion rate Incidence of early marriage.Support towards female education Family pressure for marriage Social pressure for marriageDecreased High shut away the same Same as before as yet the same Still the sameLess than before Higher than before Still the same Increased a little Decreased a little Still the sameDecreased a little Higher than before Still the same Increased a little Still the same Still the sameDecreased a little Higher than before Still the same Increased Decreased a little Still the same Key issues Students ParentsTeachersCommunity 4. Problems regarding the project.Inadequate stipend amount upstart distribution of text books late disbursement of stipend Extortion of stipend money in forms of school fees and private tuitionInadequate stipend amount, Ind irect cost of schooling (fees, uniform, cost of education aids), Late distribution of stipend Extortion of stipend money in forms of school fees and private tuitionInadequate stipend amount for the very poor students, Lack of training opportunities for teachers in the project Late disbursement of stipend money by the government Inadequate stipend amount 7. 3 IMPACTS ON BENEF.