Prostate Cancer and Nutrition

prostatic crab louse and NutritionAnand SomasundaramContents (Jump to) sic Based Diets tilt OilVitamins and MineralsDangers of Meats, gamy eke out nourishments and NitritesConclusionWorks CitedIntroduction prostatic rousecer is the near common bearcer of men and the third most common pee-pee of death from crab louse. Prostate cancer normally occurs in men above the age of 50. Many men who lay down prostatic cancer, do not show any symptoms. Screening for this cancer is usually through by a Digital rectum exam (DRE) and/or Prostate specific antigen test ( prostatic specific antigen). Digital rectum exam is the palpation of the prostate done the anus to check the size of the prostate. Prostate specific antigen test is a communication channel test to check if the prostate is releasing this specific antigen in the affinity stream which can be a strong indication of prostate cancer. Research has been done on preventing and cut down the hazard of obtaining this canc er. In these studies, livelihood can play a vital role in reducing the chances of getting this cancer. Diets that lofty in fruits and vegetables, low in fat specially fat from messages argon shown to decrease the fortune and development of prostate cancer.Plant Based DietsSpecific nutriment groups pitch shown in several studies to be a crucial tool in preventing and slowing the progression of this disease. unity group of foods that have shown a significant reduction in avoiding prostate cancer is plant based foods. Plant- based foods argon shown to contain spirited numerates of vitamins and elements cognise to reduce cancer booth. For example, plant- based food contains vitamins and phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavonoids, phytoestrogens and isothiocyanates (Ma Chapman, 2009). These phytochemicals have shown to regress cancer carrell development and stop neoplasm promotion. Furthermore plant based diets argon laid-back in antioxidant. Antioxidants are molecul es that prevent the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is the reason behind the merchandise of free radicals. In addition, antioxidants reduce the damage to DNA by screening to these free radicals and eliminating them from the body. Free radicals damage the structure of DNA which can kick the bucket to neoplasm harvest-festival. An important carotenoid and phytochemical is lycopene. Lycopene is arrange in fruits such as tomatoes. Lycopene is k to twenty-four hour periodn to reduce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signing. IGF-1 is protein that has found to labour prostatic cancer cells and allow the prostate to be susceptible to cancer. Cruciferous vegetables such cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts and bok choy all contain a compound call glucosinolate. Glucosinolate have shown in studies to reduce DNA damage, do apoptosis and inhibit prostate cancer cell (Ma Chapman, 2009).They as well possess phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulfophorane and indole-3-carbinol, whic h are compounds that have authorisation anti-cancer properties. Their mechanism of action involves the inhibition ofcytochrome P450enzymes, which oxidize compounds such asbenzoapyreneandpolycyclic reminiscent hydrocarbons(PAHs) into more polarepoxy-diols. Cytochrome P450 enzyme is a known agent to cause sport and cancer growthAnother vegetable that constitutes an impact on neoplasm cells is soy bean. Soy beans contain isoflavones*. Isoflavones are organic 3-phenylchromen-4-one structure substances that innate occur in different types of foods. They inhibit enzymes associated with transmission of signals for tumor cell growth. Tea especially grand has been found to have similar cause to consuming vegetables and fruits. Polyphenol compounds in green tea have also been found to have the same works as the cruciferous vegetables. They prevent metastases of the cancer, induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth. Studies have shown that green tea inhibits tumor growth, therefore, tra veling to lower prostate-specific antigen levels and lower IGF-1 levels (Ma Chapman, 2009). One of these polyphenolic compounds is epigallocathechin-3 gallate (EGCG). EGCG is known to attach to urokinase, urokinase is an enzyme that helps tumor cells grow. In the current market, there is a drug called amiloride and is employ Amiloride can only have a maximum dose of 20 mg EGCG musical composition normal cup of green can have upwards of 150mg EGCG. Another benefit is that green tea can be consumed at much higher rate than amiloride and not have physiologic proceeding on the body (Jankun ,1997, p561) .Fish OilThe next groups of food that have shown to inhibit tumor cell growth are lean oils. Fish oil contains n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to reduce serum prostate-specific antigen (prostate specific antigen) protein expression (Ma Chapman, 2009). PSA is produced by the prostate gland and is used by the body to liquefy semen. The body us es excretes PSA in semen but sometimes in the presence of cancer, the PSA escapes to the blood stream. There two main groups of fatty acids, zee 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. , Omega 3 fatty acids protect from cancer, while omega 6 fatty acids have been found to promote cancer when consumed in excessive amounts. One reason why omega 6 promotes cancer is because of its ability to promotion inflammation. (Tandon et al., 2008).Vitamins and MineralsAnother antioxidant that has shown significant effect on prostate cancer cell growth is vitamin E. Vitamin E is considered as an intracellular antioxidant and an antiprostaglandin. * Antiprostaglandins are a group of molecules that reduce the production of mediators of the unhealthy process. As with any fat soluble vitamins, too much can have harmful effect. Intake of over 400 IU can be harmful to the body (Ma Chapman, 2009). In addition another vitamin that is important in inhibiting tumor cell growth is vitamin D. In studies, vitamin d has shown in both regular cells and cancerous to convert vitamin d into an active hormonal state. In this state, vitamin D has shown to inhibit tumor grow especially prostatic epithelial cells. (Tandon et al., 2008).Another substance besides vitamins that can help in the fight back against is minerals. Minerals differ from vitamins in that vitamins are organic and contain carbon while minerals do not and are consider inorganic. A particular mineral, selenium, has been turn up to be a protective agent. It reduces cellular proliferation, causes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis. (Ma Chapman, 2009). Angiogenesis is the growth of vernal capillary blood vessels in the body. In preventing blood vessel organic law the tumor cannot grow or spread (Li, Smith Li, 2011).Dangers of Meats, high fat diets and NitritesAll the foods discussed above have shown to decrease the instance of prostatic cancer cells. On the other hand, there are groups of food that are now known to promote prostate ca ncer cells. For example, meats especially cooked at high temperatures contribute to the production of cancer cells. When a meat is cook at high temperature, it releases carcinogens. Carcinogens are known to alter DNA which can lead to two results, apoptosis or promotes uninhibited cell growth. The two carcinogens that are produced during this process are Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (why Carcinogens Cause crabmeat, n.d.). A way to reduce HCA and PAH formation in cooked meats is to reduce the amount of time the meat is cooked on an open flame. This can be done by continuously flipping the meat or using a nuke to shorten the cooking time on the stove.Another carcinogen that is found in meat is N-nitrosocompound. This carcinogen is found in bacon, hot dogs and anything containing sodium process. Sodium nitrate is preservative added to food to not only preserve but also to add flavor to. N-nitroso is formed when the sodium nitrate combines w ith the amines in the meat to form this carcinogen. These N-nitroso compound attacks cells and can cause mutation to the molecules DNA (Mehdad, 2010).In another study, there was evidence that a high fat diet contribute to prostate cancer. In this study, men consumer high types of monosaturated and polyunsaturated fats significantly increase their chances of getting prostate cancer (Crowe et al., 2008). custody who were consuming 45 grams of total fat in a day have 10-20 percentage increased risk of getting cancer (Park, Murphy, Wilkens, Henderson, Kolonel, 2007). In another study, there was a strong correlation between fleshiness and prostate cancer. In a study of eighty-seven men with prostate cancer, 89 percent of these men were overweight or obese. Ninety- seven percent of them had a body fat of twenty five percent or higher (Mehdad, McBride, Grillo, Camilo, Ravasco, 2010). Obesity increases the bodys production of IGF-1 which discussed early leads to cancer cell proliferati on.ConclusionAs with anything, specific groups of foods need to be interpreted in moderation. Daily activity and a balanced meal can contribute greatly to not only prevent cancer growth but living a healthy happy life. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Eating foods high in antioxidants, phytochemicals such as vegetables and fruits can lead to the reduction of prostatic cancer cell forming. In addition, avoiding diets high in preserved meats, diary and cooking at high temperature all can additionally reduce mens chances of getting prostate cancer.Works CitedCrowe, F.L., Key, T.J., Appleby, P.N., Travis, R.C., Overvad, K., Jakobsen, M.U., Riboli, E. (2008). Dietary fat intake and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87 1405-1413.Jankun, J. (1997, June 5). Why drinking green tea could prevent cancer. Nature, 381, 561.Li , W., Hutnik, M., Smith, R., Li, V. (2011). Understanding Angiogenesis. Retrieved from http//www.angio.org/ua.php. April 4, 2014.Ma, R.W.-L. Chapman, K. (2009). A systematic review of the effect of diet in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Journal of homo Nutrition and Dietetics, 22187-199.Mehdad, A., McBride, E., Grillo, I.M., Camilo, M., Ravasco, P. (2010).Nutritional status and eating pattern in prostate cancer patients. Nutricion Hospitalaria,2 (3) 422-427.Park, S., Murphy, S.P., Wilkens, L.R., Henderson, B.E., Kolonel, L.N. (2007). Fat and meat intake and prostate cancer risk the multiethnic cohort study. International Journal of Cancer, 121 1339-1345. Prostate Specific Antigen. Retrieved from http//www.medicinenet.com/ prostate_specific_antigen/article.htm . April 4, 2014.Tandon, M., Siddique, R.A., Avrind, R., Singh, N.K., Ambwani, T., Rai, S.N. (2008). Anti-cancer diet reviewing the role of nutrition in cancer prevention. Current Topics in Nutraceutical Researc h, 6(2) 67-82. Why Carcinogens Cause Cancer. Retrieved from http// www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/dna.htm. July 10, 2010. World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer a world(prenominal) Perspective. Washington, DC AICR, 2007Jankun, J. (1997, June 5). Why drinking green tea could prevent cancer. Nature, 381, 561.