Government Guidelines for Nutrition

Government Guidelines for commissariatSarah slack upUnit FourHealth Promotion and Development reference points1 Department of Health. 1991. Dietary indite Values for FoodEnergy and Nutrients for the fall in Kingdom. Report on Healthand Social Subjects No. 41. capital of the United Kingdom HMSO.2 Scientific Advisory Committee on livelihood. 2003. Salt andHealth. capital of the United Kingdom TSO.It is important that the under-5s get large energy (calories) for growth and development. Childc ar workers should therefore be sensitive to the needs of small fryren who are fussy preyers or small eaters and ensure that these clawren are offered a good variety of food that they will accept.Age amount energy requirements in kcals (calories) per day1 year 935kcals2 years 1,160kcals3 years 1,430kcals4 years 1,530kcals(Gregory JR, Collins DL, Davies PSW, HughesJM, Clarke PC. 1995. National Diet andNutrition Survey Children Aged 11/2 to 41/2Years. Volume 1. Report of the Diet)Children in a childcare setting should always be encour term to eat a varied nutrition. They should eat foods from each of the quadruplet main food groups every day. The four main food groups areBread, cereals and potatoesFruit and vegetablesMilk and dairy foods,Meat, lean and alternatives such as eggs, pulses (peas, beans and lentils) and soya.Vitamin C is important in maintaining good health and may have a role in portion the body to absorb iron if both nutrients are present in the same meal. Children should be promote to eat foods containing vitamin C at meals like fruit and fruit juices.Children who do not eat centre should have a varied diet containing foods such as cereals, pulses (peas, beans and lentils), vegetables and fruits.Children need nutritious snacks between meals. The trounce snacks are those which are low in sugar. A variety of snacks should be offered including fruit, vegetables, milk, yoghurt, either type of bread, and sandwiches with savoury fillings.When plannin g menus in a childcare setting you must consider children who have special needs. some(prenominal)(prenominal) children may have particular dietary requirements or may need specific help with eating.Sarah SlackFood unsuitable for younker children and babiesthither are m some(prenominal) different foods which are unsuitable for schoolgirlish children and babies, such asSaltSalt stomach be dangerous for babies as it bed cost their kidneys. Salt should neer be added to babies food. Stock cubes or gravy are high in season so they should be avoided when making homemade food for babies. Pre-packaged food seat contain high amounts of season so the packaging should always be checked to ensure the salt intake isnt in any case high.The table below shows the guidelines provided by the Food Standards Agency for salt consumptionSugarSugar is the ahead(p) clear of tooth decay in young children. Milk teeth which start to come through when a child reaches the age of around 6 months ar e very susceptible to acid erosion from sugars. interrogation suggests that children are more sugar sensitive than adults, and the effects are more pronounced in young children, according to Dr. Keith Conners, author of Feeding the Brain. This could be related to the fact that the humour grows rapidly in the preschool years, exaggerating the effects of sugar on behavior and learning.HoneyHoney flush toilet contain a bacteria called clostridia botulinum which net produce toxins in a babys intestines, prolonging to infant botulism, which is a very serious illness. The symptoms embroilConstipationThe child not wanting to feed or eatSuffering from lethargyThese symptoms toilette take several months to appear after the spores have been consumed as the spores grow in the infants gastro-intestinal tract and as they grow the toxins are released into the blood stream. Once an infant reaches the age of one the intestines begin to develop good bacteria which are able to fight off the bacteria. batsWhole nuts, including peanuts, should never be addicted to children under five as they fecal matter choke on them. As foresightful as theres no history of food allergies or other allergies in a family a baby can be given peanuts once theyre six months old as long as they are crushed or ground into peanut butter.1% of the population are stirred by a peanut allergy and children that have a sibling which is masked have a greater risk of being affected themselves.Low round foodsFat is an important source of calories and some vitamins for babies and young children. Until the age of two years children should be given whole fat milk, cheese, oily fish, yogurt and fromage frais. After the age of two the amount of fat in a childs diet can gradually be decreased.EggsEggs should never be given to babies under 6 months old. Babies have a delicate intestinal system and they can react to the protein found in eggs. They can be given to babies over six months old, but they must be cooked until both the white and vitellus are solid to prevent salmonella which can be very dangerous for young children.Saturated fatA child should never be given too many foods that are high in saturated fat such as crisps, chips, cheap burgers and cakes.Raw shellfishRaw shellfish can increase the risk of food poisoning so its should never be given to young babies and young children. They can contain salmonella bacteria which causes food poisoning.Swordfish, shark and marlinThe amount of mercury in these fish can affect a babys growing nervous system so they should never be given to babies and children. Regular consumption above the recommended limits of fish containing high amounts of mercury can lead to a toxic build up and it can have a devastating effect on the central nervous system of babies and children, causing impairments with movements and cognitive brain function by displacement of immanent neurons.Sarah SlackRecord form for Dietary RequirementsChilds full name ..St art sequence .Address .Home telephone number.Mobile..D.O.BMale/Female AgePlease give any details of your childs dietary requirements including any food allergiesPlease give a circumstantial list of any food or drink which your child CAN NOT haveIn the unlikely case that your child consumes any of these items please give details of any treatment that should be givenI confirm that I will keep the nursery staff informed if any of the needs or allergies detailed on this form change or are no agelong applicable.Signed.ParentPrint Name.Signed.Child care providerPrint Name.Sarah SlackCoeliac DiseaseCoeliac indisposition is intolerance to gluten and it is thought to affect around 1 in 100 peck in the United Kingdom. It can affect people of all ages.Eating foods containing gluten can cause symptoms such as playBloatingFeelingtired all the time, this is due to notgetting enough nutrients from food. Gluten can alter the lining of the intestines which prevents the absorption of nutrients from food. If this happens, a child can become malnourished and grow at a poor rateFlatulenceAbdominal sufferWeight lossGluten is found in any food that contains wheat, rye and barley cereals, includingPastaCakes eat cerealsMost types of breadCertain types of saucesSome types of ready mealsAny children with this originator should never be given these foods and the food they do eat should be well documented and checked for any gluten products.Potential long complications includeOsteoporosis(weakening of the bones)Iron deficiency (anaemia)Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency anaemiaSarah SlackChronic Childhood DiseasesThere are various chronic diseases suffered by children which can have an effect on their mental and natural development.Some chronic childhood diseases that can effect development areDiabetesAsthmaCerebral paralysisCystic FibrosisDiabetesDiabetes is a condition that prevents the body from properly using energy from food. It affects around 3.2 Million people in the UK. It occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin, or when the pancreas produces insulin, but it is resisted by the body. It is a lifelong condition that causes a persons blood sugar level to become too high.There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, the bodys immune system oncomings and destroys the cells that produce insulin. As no insulin is produced, glucose levels increase, which canseriously damage the bodys organs.Type 1 diabetes is much knownas insulin-dependent diabetes. Its also sometimesknown asjuvenile diabetes because it usually develops before during theteenage years.If you are diagnosed withtype 1 diabetes, you will needinsulin injections for the simplicity of your life.Type 2 diabetes is where the body doesnt produce enough insulin, or the bodys cells dont react to insulin. This is known asinsulin resistance.Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes.If youre diagnosed withtype 2 diabetes, you may be able to control your sy mptoms by simply eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly,and monitoring your blood glucose levels.Type 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity. Obesity related diabetes is more common in older people.Diabetes can have various complications that can hamper development in children. These include diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy.Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. Its caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It can impair a childs vision which can have a knock-on effect with their development, both physically and intellectually.Diabetic neuropathy can affect nerves in many different parts of the body. The most common early symptoms of the condition are numbness, tingling, or sharp pains in the feet or lower legs. Because nerve damage can happen anywhere in the body, problems can occur in almost any organ system, including the digestive tract, urinary system, eyes, and heart.Asth maAsthma is a common long-term condition that can cause coughing, wheezing, titty tightness and breathlessness. Asthma typically appears in childhood and around 1 in 10 children are affected.Asthma symptoms can get gradually or suddenly worse. This is known as an asthma attack. During an attack the airways become inflammed and narrow which constricts the childs breathing. Some allergies such as pet hair and pollen cause trigger an attack.Asthma can hamper emotional and intellectual development depending on the severity of the disease. If a child has to miss time off school due to frequent asthma attacks this could cause the child to fall behind on school work and also important socialising. The attacks may also be frightening for the child which can affect them emotionally. This could lead to anxiety and stress which in turn could stir on a childs life when growing up.Cerebral PalsyCerebral paralysis is caused by a problem in the parts of the brain responsible for controlling mus cles. The conditioncan occur if the brain develops abnormally or is damaged before, during or shortly after birth.Causes of cerebral palsy includeAn contagious disease caught by the mother during pregnancyBleeding in the babys brainChanges in the genes that affect the brains developmentA difficult or premature birthMany can children suffer visually and may have hearing impairment. It may also affect learning and delay growth. A child with cerebral palsy may be slower in achieving important developmental goals, such as learning to crawl, walk or speak.Cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis is a hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine gland glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection. It can lead to inadequate growth due to poor digestion which is a result of malnutrition.Symptoms usually begin in early childhood and include persistent cough, wheeze, repea ted chest infections, malabsorption of food and general ill health. Treatments include antibiotics, physiotherapy, and mucus thinning medicines, pancreatic enzyme replacements and other therapies. It is a life threatening condition.BibliographyReferencesDepartment of Health. 1991. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 41. London HMSO.Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. 2003. Salt andHealth. London TSO.Gregory JR, Collins DL, Davies PSW, Hughes JM, Clarke PC. 1995. National Diet and Nutrition Survey Children Aged 11/2 to 41/2 Years. Volume 1. Report of the Dietwww.gdalabel.co.ukwww.diabetes.co.uk operable and Nutritional guidelines, Dr Helen Crawleywww.kon.org.ukwww.asthma.org.ukwww.patient.co.uk