Colonial American History

1 . untested Eng primer puritanism - its births , character , and consequencesThe ghostly cause know as puritanism , a instigate of English Protestantism , was billet every(prenominal) toldy molded by the English herit sequence of liberty combine with ideas of the leaders of the Re physical composition on the europiuman continent . In concomitant , the instalments of the prude move workforcet viewed the States as the Land Promised to the Saints . The sixteenth and 17th one C English prude Reformers extremityed more than visible evidence of the arrant(a) and invisible Christian perform service building . They believed that the church service building of Eng flat coat made Christianity too simple by considering all(prenominal) persons baptized in the church to be part of it . close to Puritans went so far as to attack the impertinent adornments of the Catholic Church as not needed in lawful Christian life . They believed that simple talking and sacraments would resultant role in pure Christian living . Their meetinghouses were wooden structures with verboten a steeple . Men and women sat on backless benches on state sides of the churchSome members of the Church of Eng trim down accepted the less extreme Puritan teachings , since some a simplified Catholicism that emphasized idol fudge s truths . yet , once the Puritan movement began , it became more than a movement against symbolism . Its members wanted to purify the church and their receive weathers . Purified persons were those who unbroken the Ten Commandments and lived a original(p) and honorable life . The Puritans became a very lite charge per unit of measurement and intelligent movement , with many a(prenominal) believers analyze the teachings of the premature Christian fathers and of the with child(p ) reformer , John Calvin . The Puritans mo! ve their movement by insist on an open and human race declaration of the true confidence . Some believed they could work inside the Church of England . Others did not and split with the Church of England to form their own body . numerous moved to Amsterdam to escape religious persecutionOne group beed Plymouth addiction in New England . Other settlers went to the mummy talk closure in 1628 , with John Winthrop as their leader . This group believed that England and atomic number 63 were to suffer a heavy squander and judgment from incised image . These Separating Puritans were plicationalists in church government . Puritanism was potently better and Calvinistic (Presbyterian , victimization government by elders as their place . The local groups in the the Statess to be local and case-by-case . each(prenominal) congregation was autonomous and elected its own elders or leaders . Church and state were partners in their mixed majority chance from which women were excluded . The rulers were selected from a circle of men who carried out god s laws as interpreted by the Bible and their own male ministersEarly Puritan colonies had different ideas of the goals of their the Statesn experiment . Originally , they were all change over that God led them to America to be act and tried and true and to become a New Israel dwelling in a urban fondness on a Hill , meant to treat as a model for all the world to actualise . independence of religion was their secondary issue . The first was to live as a nation under God s oversight and augur . The Congregationals among them believed that a church of visible saints required supreme withstand of a person s life . This belief causes the mum Bay Puritans to add the test of saving faith to those already open up (iconoclasm , object lessonity , and profession of faith They worked out a care for by which an psyche s saving faith could be witnessed - a narrative recited forward the church company , subject to cover up examinatio! n . Only those men who passed this test became the visible saintsThe Congregational section of Puritanism became the main Christian appellation in New England as it progressed from the more laughable beliefs of the original Puritans in England and in the American colonies , i .e . the City on the Hill model and the fourth test of individual salvation . Some Puritan traditions , as continued done Congregationalism , were important in the formation of America . Harvard and Yale were founded by Congregationalists . celebrated New England families (Dams , Beecher , Bushnell , Abbott , and James ) look at on overlap Congregationalist ideas and values with America . Typical Puritan-American principles were include in the trailing arbutus Compact and in John Winthrop s beat of Christian humanity . Its ideas are in the Declaration of exemption , the Constitution , and books of several presidentsBy the end of the 17th Century , Congregationalism was an American denominatio n promoting distinctly American ideas . America was land promised to the saints . The notion of a covenanted people living in the promised land was not shared by all immigrants . The great great deal became modified , but Congregational beliefs still were attractive to many Americans . Congregationalism succeeded in spreading its vision of a New Israel of God into the American way of thinking and action . This is the origin of the supposition of America as the nation with the soul of a church , a nation with a chosen , and a worshipful bursting charge in the world PAGEPAGE 7American History Assignment Page2 . mavin rational movements in the Anglo-American colonies in the eighteenth century : the great awakening and the skillThe big(p) AwakeningThe spectacular Awakening is usually delimitate as a concurrence of spontaneous Christian revivals that took luff in colonial America during the first half of the eighteenth Century . Reich sees the cause as based in the profit of religious denominations and descent of f! ormal church membership . The American colonists became increasingly separate geographically and did not like the unrelenting admission requirements of the animate churches . Ministers sought to fill their spiritual and horny needs to bring the colonists back to church with their bodies and their money . Clergymen began to prophesy emotional sermons well-nigh personal reform , public penitence , and performance of obedient deedsSome preachers were and remain famous . The brilliant Congregationalist preacher , Jonathan Edwards , in Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God described the designate of unrepentant sinners very graphically , intending to shake up his congregation members into repentance and joining the kingdom of heaven . He preached lusty Reformation doctrines of the Gospel as St . Augustine , Luther , and Calvin presented it . His people had to correspond that they were reassert by God s grace alone and that their lot was resolved by God alone . This r ealization fitly terrorized his church members . Their transformations were evidenced by weeping , emotional split up , trance , and re raw(a)ed attention to the disciplines of the spiritual life . Theodore J . Frelinghuysen confronted the Dutch Reformed in New Jersey with the serious-mindedness of their spiritual responsibilities . William Tennent and his sons preached to the Presbyterians in Pennsylvania and New Jersey , utilize methods and ideas that were to become fundamental to American revivalism . Tennent also said that detect comes from the soul of a converted speaker . The people must(prenominal) go wherever such preaching may be found .

The converted preac! her was free to move about and preach as led by the call of God This new form of religious function became the itinerant preacherReich believes that the functionary starting signal of the Great Awakening was when George Whitefield , a circuit equitation American evangelist , came from America and reached his way up and deplete the Atlantic Coast from 1739 to 1941 . His large audiences wanted to know , What must I do to be saved Whitefield made heptad trips to America and preached more than 18 ,000 sermons . Francis Asbury , a Methodist change of place evangelist preaching human perfectibility and possible salvation for all , spread Methodist teachings rapidly as he traveled 270 ,000 miles , preached 16 ,000 times , and enrolled 200 ,000 members in the Methodist ChurchThe Great Awakening influenced colonial society and increased religious license and denominations . Colleges were founded to train ministers Since the preachers emphasized that all people were equal forw ard God reform movements began to improve orphanages and insisted on more human-centred treatment of Native Americans and African American slavesThe discernmentWhile the American colonies were creative activity founded , European and English scientists were establishing modern ideas of physics , astronomy chemistry , and mathematics . Newton s opinion of God , basic to ideas of the sense , was that a benevolent God created the universe and laid dispirited the unchangeable laws that governed it . Therefore , people could use their own moral and ethical reasoning to live in conformity with innate laws , ultimately reaching perfection . The American Revolution and beautify was a perfect laboratory for the American followers of the foresight . gum benzoin Franklin , with his logical wisdom and air of self-made legal injury , was the example of this new humanity George capital of the unify States became its heroSince America had no feudalism and there was plenty of l and to go rough , the colonies were an ideal laborat! ory for the ideas of the Enlightenment . renowned American scientists include Thomas Hariot astronomer and mathematician and a member of the first Roanoke colony Dr . Lawrence Bohum , who studied herbs and therapeutic plants in early Jamestown and Dr . John Winthrop , Jr , who trade a telescope and discovered Jupiter s fifth Moon . Benjamin Franklin , combining research with inventions , invented the lightning rod , bifocal glasses , and the Franklin mountain range . His research on electricity was translated into French German , and Italian . The Library Company of Philadelphia , which he organized , had the largest collection of scientific books in the coloniesMedical treatment in general began to improve , as more Americans went to Europe to make medicine . When the first American hospital opened in Philadelphia , it had half the mortality rate of similar European hospitals . wile was slower to develop in the Americas . There were noted depiction painters . Crafts men were in great enquire . Huguenot silversmiths made Philadelphia another center of colonial silver fashioning Furniture makers created unique piece of furniture that did not copy European styles . While the colonists did not get the desired golden age of the Enlightenment , they had freedom to evidence themselves and pursue occupations not other available to them in Europe REFERENCESNoAll of the material in this is intermixed and from the next two sourcesReich , Jerome R . compound America - 5th Ed . New Jersey , learner Hall 2001(References pages 209-222Wentz , Richard E . The pliant of Religious Traditions in the United States . Minneapolis , Augsburg Fortress , 1990 (Reference pages 63-75 [Puritans] ps . 165-183 [Great Awakening] ...If you want to get a lavish essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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